References 1372 Sealey LA, Hughes BW, Sriskanda AN, et al. (2016). Environmental factors in
the development of autism spectrum disorders. Environ. Int., 88 :288–98.
3 Baron‐Cohen S, Auyeung B, Nørgaard‐Pedersen B, et al. (2015). Elevated fetal
steroidogenic activity in autism. Mol. Psychiatry, 20 (3):369–76.
4 Bos PA, Hofman D, Hermans J, et al. (2016). Testosterone reduces functional
connectivity during the ’Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ Test.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 68 :194–201.
5 Baron‐Cohen S, Lombardo MV, Auyeung B, et al. (2011). Why are autism
spectrum conditions more prevalent in males? PLoS Biol., 9 :e1001081.
6 Baron‐Cohen S (2002). The extreme male brain theory of autism. Trends
Cogn. Sci., 6 :248–54.
7 Phoenix CH, Goy RW, Gerall AA, Young WC (1959). Organizing action of
prenatally administered testosterone propionate on the tissues mediating
mating behavior in the female guinea pig. Endocrinology, 65 :369–82.
8 Lombardo MV, Ashwin E, Auyeung B, et al. (2012). Fetal programming effects
of testosterone on the reward system and behavioral approach tendencies in
humans. Biol. Psychiatry, 72 :839–47.
9 Lauritsen MB, Jorgensen M, Madsen KM, et al. (2010). Validity of childhood
autism in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register: findings from a cohort
sample born 1990–1999. J. Autism Dev. Disord., 40 :139–48.
10 Auyeung B, Lombardo MV, Baron‐Cohen S (2013). Prenatal and postnatal
hormone effects on the human brain and cognition. Pflugers Archiv.,
465 :557–71.
11 Hatanaka Y, Wada K, Kabuta T (2015). Abnormal instability, excess density,
and aberrant morphology of dendritic spines in prenatally testosterone‐
exposed mice. Neurochem. Int., 85–86:53–8.
12 Hatanaka Y, Kabuta T, Wada K (2017). Disturbance in maternal environment
leads to abnormal synaptic instability during neuronal circuitry development.
Front Neurosci., 11 :35. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00035.
13 van den Berg WE, Lamballais S, Kushner SA (2015). Sex‐specific mechanism
of social hierarchy in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40 (6):1364–72.
14 Johnson SA, Javurek AB, Painter MS, et al. (2016). Effects of developmental
exposure to bisphenol A on spatial navigational learning and memory in rats:
A CLARITY‐BPA study. Horm. Behav., 80 :139–48.
15 Hines M, Constantinescu M, Spencer D (2015). Early androgen exposure and
human gender development. Biol. Sex Differ., 6 :3.
16 Xu XJ, Zhang HF, Shou XJ, et al. (2015). Prenatal hyperandrogenic
environment induced autistic‐like behavior in rat offspring. Physiol. Behav.,
138 :13–20.
17 McCarthy MM, Wright CL (2017). Convergence of sex differences and the
neuroimmune system in autism spectrum disorder. Biol. Psychiatry,
81 (5):402–10.