Front Matter

Table 7.2 Chemical structures and adverse effects of the eight chemicals selected.

Chemical name Structure Function (effect)

Tonalide CH 3

CH 3

CH 3

H 3 C CH 3

H 3 C

H 3 C

O

Affects estrogen,

androgen receptors

Octinoxate (octyl

methoxycinnamate

CH 3

CH 3

H

O

O

H 3 CO

Estrogen endocrine

disruptor such that

it binds to estrogen

receptors in human

cells; linked to

being toxic and

disruptive to the

thyroid endocrine

pathway in animals

such as rats

Eugenol H 3 CO

HO

Antiestrogenic

activity; has been

deemed a causative

allergen in

fragrances

Diethyl phthalate

CH 3

CH 3

O

O

O

O

Affects hormonal

balance; cancer

causing agent (e.g.,

breast cancer)

d‐limonene CH 3

H 3 CCCH 2

Can affect those

with asthma;

linked to being a

contact allergen

Benzyl benzoate O

O

Estrogenic activity

in a study with

human breast

cancer cells

Benzyl salicylate O

O

OH

Estrogenic activity

in a study with

human breast

cancer cells

(+)‐α‐Pinene Major respiratory

irritant