Index 587protein requirements 78–79, 87
rehabilitation 87–90
retraining 255
spinal disorders 439
vitamins/antioxidants 84–86, 85
working dogs 531
nutritional supplements. see supplements
obedience events 4 , 6–7
conditioning programs case study 239–240, 240
gait 24
heeling 8
strength‐endurance continuum 249
obesity
conditioning programs 230–231, 231
geriatric patients 460–462
nutrition 87–88
objective evaluation
neuromusculoskeletal 106–107
thoracic limb 334
olfaction, role of polyunsaturated fatty acids 82
omega‐3 fatty acids
anti‐inflammatory 232
conditioning programs 232
elbow disorders 315
geriatric patients 468
nutrition 88, 89, 89 , 90
omega‐6 fatty acids 88, 89
opioids 483–485, 492, 495
organ meats, nutrition 85
orthobiologics. see biological therapies
orthopedic disorders. see also below
pelvic limbs 199–200
spinal impairments 194–199
therapeutic exercise 194–199
thoracic limbs 200–201
orthopedic evaluation, pelvic limb 389–390,
402–403
Achilles tendon injuries 402
case study 356‐358, 398, 399
cranial cruciate ligament 399–401
femoral head ostectomy 397–398
flexibility 393 , 393, 396, 399
functional assessment 390
gait analysis 391
gastrocnemius avulsion/calcaneal tendon
injury 401–402
hip dysplasia 395–397
home exercise programs 397, 399
joint play 394, 394
palpation 393–394
passive range of motion 393
patellar luxation 398–399
posture 390 , 390, 391
sequencing the evaluation 390
strength testing 391–393, 392
strength training 399
therapeutic exercise 395
treatment options, general 394–395
orthopedic evaluation, thoracic limb 333–334
cartilage injuries 348–349
case studies 347, 349
clearing the spine 342
C‐MMT strength testing 337–339, 338
diagnoses by tissue type 345
diagnosis of injury location and tissue type 335
flexibility 340–341
functional assessment 337 , 337
gait analysis 339
joint play assessment 342–343
ligament and joint capsule injuries 348
muscle injuries 345–348, 346
muscle open‐chain actions 341
palpation 342 , 342
passive range of motion/goniometry 339–340,
340 , 341
peripheral nerve injuries 349–350
postural evaluation 335–337, 336
rehabilitation assessment 343
sequencing the evaluation 334–335
treatment efficacy assessment 350
treatment interventions 344, 344
treatment plan 343–344
orthopedic manipulative therapy (OMT) 129. see also
joint mobilization and manipulation
orthosis force coupling 270, 271. see also veterinary
orthotic and prosthetic devices
Ortolani maneuver, hip dysplasia 362 , 362
osteoarthritis (OA)
acupuncture 547
elbow disorders 315
geriatric patients 459, 462
hip dysplasia 365
nutrition 90
obesity 230
pain management 493, 494
platelet rich plasma 410–411
postural evaluation 336
stem cell therapy 415
treatment algorithm 316
osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
diagnosis 314–315
elbow disorders 314–315
injury tissue type 345
pathophysiology 314
shoulder 298–300, 299
treatment 315
osteoclasts, bone 58 , 58, 59 , 59
osteoporosis, geriatric patients 459
osteosarcoma 495
outdoor strength exercises 245–248
overnutrition, shoulder disorders 299
overtraining, conditioning programs 258
overtraining syndrome, nutrition 78
owners. see clients
oxidative stress 138, 457 , 457, 460
oxycodone 483
oxygen consumption, with exercise 75–76, 79 ,
79–80, 80pace gait 30 , 30, 32, 33
paddling gait 31