LWBK1006-Index LWW-Govindan-Review December 19, 2011 19:14
Index 621Transvaginal ultrasound, 181
Trastuzumab, 331, 341
in gastroesophageal cancers
treatment, 232, 238
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
(TMP/SMX)
forPneumocystis jiroveci
infection, 539, 545
Trisomy 21, 413, 428, 445
trkA gene activation, 395, 405
TRUS.SeeTransrectal ultrasound
(TRUS)
TSP-1, 21, 30
TTF-1.SeeThyroid transcription
factor-1 (TTF-1)
TTP.SeeTime to progression (TTP)
Tumor
angiogenesis, 20, 28
IL-6, IL-8 and, 21, 30
antigens, methodologies for
identifying, 105, 110
drug resistance in, 98, 102
immune surveillance of, 41, 53
suppressor genes, 18, 26
Tumor-associated macrophages
(TAM), 22, 31, 42, 55
Tumor cells, 20, 28
blood vessel supply to, 20, 28
Tumor heterogeneity
hierarchy model of, 23, 32
stochastic model of, 23, 32
Tumorigenic genes, 22, 30–31
Tumor invasion, 22, 31
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), 507
Tumor metabolic pathways,
24, 32
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), 41,
54
Tumor, node, metastasis (TNM),
498
Tumor vasculature, 21, 29
characteristics of, 21, 29
Tunnel (port) catheter infections,
546
Turcot syndrome, linkage studies
and, 388
Two-hit hypothesis, 44
TYMS.SeeThymidylate synthase
(TYMS)
Type I cell death, 19
Type II programmed cell death, 19,
28
Typhlitis (neutropenic
enterocolitis), 542, 547
Tyrosine kinase inhibition, 19
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI),
97, 101
Tyrosine kinase (TK), 97, 101
for cancer growth, 14–15UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A1
(UGT1A1), 161, 170
UGT1A1. SeeUDP
glucuronosyltransferase 1A1
(UGT1A1)
UGT1A1∗28 testing, in colon
cancer, 123
Ulcerative colitis and prophylactic
surgery, 80, 83
Ultrasound, in ovarian cancer, 168,
181
Ultraviolet (UV), 57, 63
light exposure and skin cancer,
57, 63
skin cells proliferation and, 59, 64
United States
cervical cancer in, 315, 323
health care costs in, 117, 120
smokers in, 135, 138
United States Preventive Services
Task Force, 143, 146
Unknown primary cancer
adenocarcinoma of, 480
colonoscopy in, 476, 480
common leukocyte antigen in,
475, 479
on light microscopy, 475, 479
men with bilateral lung nodules
in, 476, 479
metastatic squamous cell
carcinoma of, 480
Urate oxidase, 507
Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl
transferases, 43
Urine alkalinization, sodium
bicarbonate for, 124, 129
Urokinase plasminogen activator,
28
Urothelial cancer
chromosome 9 deletions and,
283, 291
p53 mutations and, 283, 291
pRb alterations and, 283, 291
Uterine corpus cancer
causes of, 319
endometrial cancer and, 319, 327
endometrium and, 319, 327
Uterine leiomyosarcoma, 321, 329
Uterine sarcoma
treatment, gemcitabine and
docetaxel in, 321, 329
types of, 321, 329
UVA, role of, 58, 64
UVB, role of, 58, 64
UVC light and DNA, 58, 64Vaginal cancer
DES in, 318, 325
HPV and, 315, 318, 323, 325metastases in, 318, 325
radiation therapy for, 318, 326
stage II, 318, 326
staging for, 318, 325
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
(VRE) faecium, antibiotic
therapy for, 543, 548
Vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF), 20, 21, 28, 29, 307,
312
CTC extravasation and, 23, 31
function of, 21, 29
H1F1and, 21, 29
tumor angiogenesis and, 29
Vasohibin, 21, 30
VBM.SeeVinblastine, bleomycin,
and methotrexate (VBM)
VEGF.SeeVascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF)
Veno-occlusive disease (VOD), 532
diagnosis of, 533
diarrhea and, 533
of liver, 527, 532
presentation of, 532–533
Venous thromboembolism and fatal
stroke, 136, 139
VHL gene.SeeVon Hippel–Lindau
(VHL) gene
VHL syndrome.SeeVo n
Hippel–Lindau (VHL)
syndrome
VIN.SeeVulvar-intraepithelial
neoplasia (VIN)
Vinblastine, bleomycin, and
methotrexate (VBM), 426
Vinca alkaloids, 125, 130, 573, 577
Vincristine, 442
Viral oncogenes, 9
Virus-like particles (VLP), 40, 51–52
Vitamin E and prostate cancer, 283,
291
VLP.SeeVirus-like particles (VLP)
VOD.SeeVeno-occlusive disease
(VOD)
Voluntary euthanasia, 586
Volunteer bias, 141, 145
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease,
280, 289
renal cell carcinoma and, 394,
404
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene,
36, 47
mutation and Von Hippel-Lindau
disease, 280, 289
normal oxygen sensing and, 281,
289
Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL)
syndrome, 18, 27
causes of, 27