Devita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer

LWBK1006-05 LWW-Govindan-Review November 24, 2011 11:20

70 DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg’s CANCER: Principles and Practice of Oncology Review

Question 5.3. All of the following are differences between molecular epidemiology and

genetic epidemiology, EXCEPT:

A. Molecular epidemiology assesses genetic involvement, whereas

genetic epidemiology focuses mainly on heredity.

B. Molecular epidemiology studies unrelated individuals, whereas

genetic epidemiology investigates family members in the format of

pedigrees.

C. Molecular epidemiology usually studies low penetrance markers that

are commonly present in the general population, whereas genetic

epidemiology research is often designed to identify markers with high

penetrance but low prevalence in the general population.

D. Molecular epidemiology uses linkage analysis, whereas genetic epi-

demiology often calculates relative risks or odds ratios.

Question 5.4. For all the following analytical studies, the individual is the unit of anal-

ysis, EXCEPT:

A. Ecological

B. Cross-sectional

C. Cohort

D. Case-control

Question 5.5. Dr. Bush finds that people who carry matches are more likely to develop

lung cancer. Therefore, he concludes that carrying matches increases the

risk for lung cancer. This is an example of:

A. Information bias

B. Selection bias

C. Misclassification bias

D. Confounding

Question 5.6. The probability that an individual will develop or die of cancer in a life-

time is frequently reported in the media. For example, it is reported that

lung cancer will affect 1 in 13 men over a lifetime. Although this statistic

provides some valuable information, the problem(s) with this statistic is:

A. It underestimates the risk for individuals with certain risk factors.

B. It overestimates the risk for individuals without certain risk factors.

C. It underestimates and overestimates the risk for individuals depending

on the age.

D. All of the above.

Question 5.7. To accurately portray the incidence of various cancers, the data require

standardization, particularly when comparing data from different coun-

tries. The reasons why this is required are the following:

A. Different age structures between separate countries

B. Different numbers of men and women between the separate countries

C. Cohort effects

D. All the above