environmental ethics 19, 22, 33
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Law (China, 2003) 69, 213–14
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Law (Taiwan, 1988) 92, 164, 168,
201–7
environmental movement, Taiwan
alliance formation of ENGOs 166–7
change of ENGO strategy 162–5
historical review of 161–2
interactions with political parties
165–6, 186–7
international influences on 167–9,
186
role in democratization 196–7
see alsoENGOs, INGOs
environmental nongovernmental
organizations (ENGOs) 121, 140
activists efforts 67n75, 126, 162–4,
176, 178, 183, 225
cooperation among 1–2, 166–7, 174,
179–80, 181, 214, 216
criticism of 140, 168, 196, 205
funding of 167, 172, 174, 176, 179–80
governance role 159–60
government and 1–2, 53, 140, 162,
167, 183–6, 196–7, 206–7, 225
grassroots environmentalism 53, 144,
161, 163, 177, 178–9, 200–203,
211–13, 225
international linkages of 169
registration requirements for 171–2,
179, 181, 185
strategies of 162–5, 178, 187
support for 140, 162
see alsoGONGOs, INGOs,
environmental movement,
environmentalism
Environmental Protection Administration
(EPA, Taiwan) 62, 90, 92, 201–5
environmental protection bureaus (EPBs)
85
Environmental Protection Law (1979,
1989, China) 69
environmental protection programs
enforcement deficits 70–71, 85–7, 194
funding 85, 88, 92–3, 112–13, 195
government role 12, 87–8
institutions 83–5, 89–92
legal system and 68–83, 183
local officials and 85–7, 92–3, 125–6,
185
mitigation measures 130n34, 147–8,
205, 230
penalties 70, 79–80, 120
personal initiatives 93, 126, 183, 186
politics and 15, 192, 200–201, 202–3,
207, 211–13
public participation and 69, 183, 185
see alsolegal framework, institutional
framework
environmentalism in China 2
business groups and 183–5
civil society and 180–81, 183–4,
185–6
growth of associations 170–73
typology of ENGOs 173–9
see alsoENGOs, GONGOs, INGOs
ethnic minorities 90, 107–8, 115–17,
118–20, 126–7, 129, 209
eutrophication 10, 11
Executive Yuan (Taiwan) 90–1, 93, 195Falun Gong 172
First National Environmental Protection
Conference (1973) 73
fisheries 10, 197, 209
Flaherty, M. and A. Rappaport 143
flooding 11, 24, 57, 58, 63, 102
Forest Law (China) 69–70, 71
forestry 9, 46, 55–8
see alsodeforestation
Forestry Act (1985, Taiwan) 78, 124
Formosa Plastics 142, 151–2
Formosan black bear 54
Formosan clouded leopard 54
Formosan landlocked salmon 54–5
fourth nuclear power plant (NPP4,
Taiwan) 166, 197
Friends of Nature, 176, 184, 211
Fujian Province 145, 153Gansu Province 50
genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
74
giant panda 50–51, 174, 180
Glacy, Lawrence 113
global environmental concerns 3–5, 7–8,
9–11, 89, 159, 179, 216
international cooperation 160, 230236 Index