the item). Each subsystem contains the tasks necessary for the subsys-
tem to function. For example, the subsystem for obtainlists the tasks:
select source, shop, evaluate, pick or select, purchase, and transport. The
managesubsystem in Figure 14.2 shows learnas a sub-subsystems rather
than a task. The activities and tasks are deliberately identified as verbs
to indicate they are actually performed.
Examples of Visual Models 277
FIGURE 14.2Expansion of the consumerlink in the chain of businesses shown in Fig-
ure 14.1. The verbs are tasks that are performed, except for the learnactivity, which is
a sub-subsystem expanded to the task level in Figure 14.3.