Migration from the Middle East and North Africa to Europe Past Developments, Current Status, and Future Potentials (Amsterdam..

euro-Mediterranean Migration futures 65

1.5.4 Freedom and democracy

When Martin and Taylor (1996: 58) hypothesised that emigration tends to
decrease steeply if the income differential between sending and receiving
countries declines to f igures between 1:4 and 1:5, they emphatically added

Figure 1.17 GDP per capita, US$, 1970–2006

0

1,000

2,00 0

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

1970197319761979198219851988199119941997200020032006

Per capita

GDP Morocco

Egypt

Turkey

Source: International Monetary Fund

Figure 1.18 Per capita GDP, in US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity,
1980–2008

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

198019821984198619881990199219941996199820002002200420062008

Per capita

GDP purchasing power parity

Germany

Spain

Poland

Turkey

Morocco

Egypt

Source: International Monetary Fund

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