Clinical_Rounds_in_Endocrinology_Volume_II_-_Pediatric_Endocrinology

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70. What are the causes of accelerated height velocity with short final adult
    height?
    The causes of accelerated height velocity with short final adult height are pre-
    cocious puberty and thyrotoxicosis. These children are usually taller as com-
    pared to their peers during childhood but eventually they are short adults.
    Children with precocious puberty have an initial growth spurt due to gonadal
    steroid-mediated GH–IGF1 surge followed by early epiphyseal closure due to
    estrogen excess. Children with thyrotoxicosis have an increased height velocity
    due to the direct effect of thyroxine on epiphyseal growth plate and thyroxine-
    mediated GH–IGF1 surge. This is followed by premature epiphyseal closure as
    a result of the action of thyroxine on growth plate and due to induction of aro-
    matase activity by thyroxine.


71. What are the causes of accelerated height velocity with normal adult height?

The causes of accelerated height velocity with normal adult height include

childhood obesity, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, and Soto’s syndrome.

Further Readings

1. Bayley N, Pinneau SR. Tables for predicting adult height from skeletal age: revised for use
   with the Greulich-Pyle hand standards. J Pediatr. 1952;40:423–41.


2. Chan L, Storr H, Grossman A, Savage M. Pediatric Cushing’s syndrome: clinical features,
   diagnosis, and treatment. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2007;51:1261–71.


3. Dattani M, Preece M. Growth hormone deficiency and related disorders: insights into causa-
   tion, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet. 2004;363:1977–87.


4. DeGroot L, Jameson J. Endocrinology. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier; 2010.


5. Dunger DB, Ahmed ML, Ong KK. Effects of obesity on growth and puberty. Best Pract Res
   Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;19:375–90.


6. Junnila RK, Strasburger CJ, Bidlingmaier M. Pitfalls of insulin-like growth factor-I and growth
   hormone assays. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2015;44:27–34.


7. Khadilkar V, Khadilkar A. Growth charts: a diagnostic tool. Indian J Endocrinol Metab.
   2011;15:S166–71.


8. Khadilkar V, Phanse S. Growth charts from controversy to consensus. Indian J Endocrinol
   Metab. 2012;16:S185–7.


9. Liu JP, Baker J, Perkins AS, Robertson EJ, Efstratiadis A. Mice carrying null mutations of the
   genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R). Cell.
   1993;75:59–72.


10. Melmed S, Williams R. Williams textbook of endocrinology. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders;
    2011.


11. Müller EE, Locatelli V, Cocchi D. Neuroendocrine control of growth hormone secretion.
    Physiol Rev. 1999;79:511–607.


12. Sacks DA. Determinants of fetal growth. Curr Diabetes Rep. 2004;4:281–7.


13. Troncone R, Kosova R. Short stature and catch-up growth in celiac disease. J Pediatr
    Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;51:S137–8.


14. Van der Eerden BCJ, Karperien M, Wit JM. Systemic and local regulation of the growth plate.
    Endocr Rev. 2003;24:782–801.


15. Wang J, Zhou J, Cheng CM, Kopchick JJ, Bondy CA. Evidence supporting dual, IGF-I-
    independent and IGF-I-dependent, roles for GH in promoting longitudinal bone growth.
    J Endocrinol. 2004;180:247–55.

1 Disorders of Growth and Development: Clinical Perspectives