English common 34,
37–38, 64
natural 16–17, 25,
126–127, 216–217,
246–247, 286
rule of 179, 262,
265–266
league of nations 170,
308
Lectures on Moral Philosophy
(Witherspoon) 309
Left/Left-wing 179–180
McCarthyism and 205
New Left 219
radicalism and 252
rejection of realism
255
Russell 266–267
welfare state 306
legalism, in Chinese politi-
cal thought 54–55
legitimacy, political
180–181, 187
leisure class 204
Leland, John 181–182
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (V.
I.) 182–183,183,
203–204, 282
Bolshevik Party 36–37
class theory 63
indictment of imperial-
ism 155, 156
use of terrorism 292
Leopold, Aldo 95
Leo XIII, Pope 53, 293
A Letter Concerning Tolera-
tion(Locke) 190, 295
“Letter From a Birmingham
Jail” (King) 173
Letter on the Blind(Diderot)
86
Letters Concerning the En-
glish Nation(Voltaire)
303
Letters on the Aesthetic Edu-
cation of Man(Schiller)
271
Levellers 66, 183–184
The Leviathan(Hobbes) 32,
70, 142, 285
Lewis, Clive Staples (C. S.)
184
liberalism, American
185–186See alsoDemo-
cratic Party
discrimination and
86–87
fraternity and 113
and homosexuality 145
and idealism 153
ideology 154, 179–180
progressive culture 77
welfare state 10, 306
liberalism, Enlightenment
SeeEnlightenment
Liberalism(Hobhouse) 143
liberalism, philosophical
(British) 184–185
civil society 62
consent of the governed
70
democracy and 80
ethics of 97
Green and 127–128
Hobhouse and 142, 143
individualism 156
Macaulay 193–194
natural-rights philoso-
phy 61, 149, 217
Popper and 236
property ownership 50,
66, 177, 244
republicanism 258
revolution 259
social contract theory
25, 277
sovereignty 282
state of nature 285
tyranny 298
Liberal Party (Great Britain)
123
liberation theology
129–130, 186–187
libertarianism 187
Buckley’s conservatism
and 38–39
freedom and 115, 187
Nozick’s minimalist
state 222
Libertarian Party, U.S. 187
liberty 187–188See also
freedom
ancient constitution
and 12, 13
British liberalism and
185, 188, 189
civil liberties 61
Enlightenment and 115
equality and 96
Jefferson and 162Mill’s absolute 208
natural vs.moral 9
Rousseau and 265
state of nature concept
and 285
Vico and 301
Winthrop’s Puritan
view 248, 308
Liberty Party 2
lifeworld 131
Lincoln, Abraham 2, 10,
188–189, 189
The Live of Jesus(Strauss)
313
living wills 98
Locke, John 184–185,
189–190
capitalism 50
civil liberties 61
civil society 62
consent 70
democracy 80
economic theory of
value 177
equality 87, 96
ethics 97
freedom 114
human nature 148
individualism 156
influence on American
political thought 9
liberty 188, 189
natural-rights philoso-
phy 149, 217, 259
power 239
private property 50,
66, 244, 277
revolution 259
separation of powers 3
social contract theory
25, 80, 259, 277
sovereignty of the peo-
ple 282
state of nature 285
toleration 295
on tyranny 298
logical positivism 237–238
Lollards 190–191
Looking Backward(Bellamy)
32
Lovejoy, Elijah P. 1
Lukacs, Georg 35
Luther, Martin 155 See
alsoReformation
Luxemburg, Rosa 192m
Macaulay, Thoma Babington
193–194
The Machiavellian Moment
(Pocock) 234
Machiavelli, Niccolò
194–195
ethics 97
power 238–239
realism 255
Madison, James 3,
104–105, 195–196,233,
295, 309
Madness and Civilization
(Foucault) 109, 110
madness and reason 109
Magna Carta 196
Maistre, Joseph Marie de
196–197
Malthus, Thomas Robert
197
Manchester Guardian142,
143
Mandeville, Bernard
197–198
Manifest Destiny 198–199
Mannheim, Karl 199, 300
Mao Tse-tung 55, 199
Marbury v.Madison 200
Marcus Aurelius 199–200
Marcuse, Herbert 75, 111,
200
Maritain, Jacques 293
Marshall, John 200–201
Marsilius of Padua 201
Marxism 202, 203 See also
Marxism-Leninism; Marx,
Karl
anarchism and 12
Bloch’s utopian 34–35
civil society and 62–63
class theory 63
communism and 67
concept of alienation 6,
7
critical theory 74–75,
111–112, 131–132,
146–147, 200, 203,
256
dialectic 85
dialectical materialism
94
environmental-justice
movement 95
existentialism and 99336 Index