NOTES TO PAGES 209–223 | 503
- J. von Neumann, ‘First draft of a report on the EDVAC’, contract no. w-670-ord-4926, Technical
Report, Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania (30 June 1945), in IEEE
Annals of the History of Computing, 15 (1993), 28–75, see Section 12.8. The Moore School’s distribu-
tion list for the ‘First draft’ is dated 25 June 1945. I am grateful to Harry Huskey for sending me a copy
of the distribution list. - Gandy in interview with Copeland, October 1995.
- Letter from Huskey to Copeland (4 February 2002).
- Evening News (23 December 1946); the cutting is among a number kept by Sara Turing and now in the
King’s College Archive, catalogue reference K5. - Williams (Note 15), p. 330.
- C. S. Strachey, ‘Logical or non-mathematical programmes’, Proceedings of the Association for
Computing Machinery, Toronto, September 1952, pp. 46–49; C. S. Strachey, ‘The thinking machine’,
Encounter, 3 (1954), 25–31; Strachey Papers, Bodleian Library, Oxford. - T. Kilburn, ‘A storage system for use with binary digital computing machines’, PhD Thesis, University
of Manchester (awarded 13 December 1948), pp. 32, 34; F. C. Williams and T. Kilburn, ‘A storage
system for use with binary digital computing machines’, Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical
Engineers, 96 (1949), 81–100, p. 82. - Kilburn (Note 85) Photograph 1. Williams’ and Kilburn’s 1947 picture can be viewed at http://www.
computer50.org/kgill/mark1/TR47diagrams/p1.jpg. The exact date on which text was first stored at
Manchester is not known, but a report by Kilburn dated 1 December 1947 (Note 17) stated that the
tube used to store the text had gone into operation only 3 months previously. - Chris Burton recreated the images using his rebuild of Baby and filmed them; I am grateful to him for
sending me some of his footage. - Strachey, ‘The thinking machine’ (Note 84), p. 26.
- See A. M. Turing, Programmers’ Handbook for Manchester Electronic Computer Mark II, Computing
Machine Laboratory, University of Manchester, no date, c.1950, p. 25; and A. M. Turing, ‘Generation
of random numbers’, appendix to G. C. Tootill, ‘Informal report on the design of the Ferranti Mark I
computing machine’, Manchester Computing Machine Laboratory, November 1949. - Strachey, ‘The thinking machine’ (Note 84), p. 26.
- King’s College Archive, catalogue reference D 4.
CHAPTER 21 ACE (CAmPBEll-kElly)
- Further general information about the topics in this chapter can be found in Copeland et al. (2005)
and in D. M. Yates, Turing’s Legacy: A History of Computing at the National Physical Laboratory 1945–
1995 , Science Museum, London (1997). - J. von Neumann, ‘First draft of a report on the EDVAC’, contract no. w-670-ord-4926, Technical
Report, Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania (1945). - Turing (1945).
- Memorandum from Turing to Womersley, undated (c.December 1946), in the Woodger Archive,
M15/77. A digital facsimile is in The Turing Archive for the History of Computing (http://www.
AlanTuring.net/turing_womersley). - M. Campbell-Kelly, ‘Programming the Pilot ACE: early programming activity at the National Physical
Laboratory’, Annals of the History of Computing, 3 (1981), 133–68.
CHAPTER 22 TURING’S zEITGEIST (CARPENTER AND DORAN)
- According to the Oxford English Dictionary, ‘program’ was actually the original English spelling; the
later spelling ‘programme’ was a once-fashionable Frenchification. - J. H. Wilkinson, ‘The Pilot Ace’, in Automatic Digital Computation, Proceedings of a Symposium held
at NPL, March 1953 (1954); reprinted in C. G. Bell and A. Newell, Computer Structures: Readings and
Examples, McGraw-Hill (1971).