The Turing Guide

518 | NOTES TO PAGES 341–348

40. There is a modest amount of personal information about Prinz in his patent ‘Improvements relating
    to control apparatus for equalizing the temperatures of two bodies remote from each other’, UK patent
    637,312, draft filed May 1947, issued May 1950.


41. W. Mays and D. G. Prinz, ‘A relay machine for the demonstration of symbolic logic’, Nature, 165(4188)
    (4 February 1950), 197–8; D. G. Prinz and J. B. Smith, ‘Machines for the solution of logical problems’,
    in Bowden (Note 23), Chapter 15.


42. D. W. Davies, ‘A theory of chess and noughts and crosses’, Science News, 16 (1950), 40–64.


43. Davies (Note 42), p. 62.


44. Bowden (Note 23), p. 295.


45. D. G. Prinz, ‘Robot chess’, Research, 5 (1952), 261–6.


46. Prinz quoted in Bell (Note 1), p. 27.


47. Bowden (Note 23), p. 296.


48. Bowden (Note 23), p. 296.


49. Prinz quoted in Bell (Note 1), p. 28.


50. Bowden (Note 23), p. 297.


51. Correspondence between Feist and Copeland, 2016.


52. Correspondence between Feist and Copeland (Note 51).


53. https://en.chessbase.com/post/alan-turing-plays-garry-kasparov-at-che-58-years-after-his-death.
    The Turing Engine is looking two ply ahead. (With thanks to Mathias Feist and Jonathan Bowen for
    transcribing the game.)


54. G. P. Collins, ‘Claude E. Shannon: founder of information theory’, Scientific American, 14 October
    2002 (http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/claude-e-shannon-founder/).


55. Seldom noticed, the date October 8 1948 is included at the foot of the published version.


56. C. E. Shannon, ‘Programming a computer for playing chess’, Philosophical Magazine, 41 (1950),
    256–75; see also C. E. Shannon, ‘A chess-playing machine’, Scientific American, 182 (1950), 48–51.


57. Shannon, ‘Programming a computer for playing chess’ (Note 56), p. 257.


58. Good interviewed by Copeland (Note 5).


59. I. Althöfer and M. Feist, ‘Chess exhibition match between Shannon Engine and Turing Engine’,
    Preliminary Report, Version 5 (17 April 2012) (http://www.althofer.de/shannon-turing-exhibition-
    match.pdf ).


60. Correspondence between Feist and Copeland (Note 51).


61. Manchester Evening News (25 June 2012).

CHAPTER 32 TURING AND THE PARANORmAl (lEAVITT)

1. In D. R. Hofstadter, Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid, Vintage (1990), p. 599; the author
   writes: ‘Objection (9) I find remarkable. I have seen the Turing paper reprinted in a book—but with
   objection (9) omitted—which I find equally remarkable’.


2. Turing (1950), pp. 457–8.


3. A. Gauld, The Founders of Psychical Research, Schocken (1968), pp.  88, 138. For an incisive over-
   view of psychic research in the twentieth century, see P. Lamont, Extraordinary Beliefs: a Historical
   Approach to a Psychological Problem, Cambridge University Press (2013).


4. ‘Report of the committee on thought-transference’, Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 2
   (1884), 2–3.


5. For more on crisis apparitions and the census of hallucinations, see D. Blum, Ghost Hunters: William
   James and the Search for Psychic Proof of Life After Death, Penguin (2006).


6. For an account of the Lady Wonder episode, see M. Gardner, Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
   (1957), pp. 351–2.


7. C. D. Broad, ‘Introduction to Mr. Whately Carington’s and Mr. Soal’s papers’, Proceedings for the
   Society of Psychical Research, 46 (1940–41), 27.


8. J. B. Rhine, New Frontiers of the Mind, Farrar & Rinehart (1937), p. 55.