human rights (cont.)
international, 154 – 8 , 167 – 8 , 335
Japan, 66 , 76 , 84 – 5 , 100
Malaysia, 245 , 255 – 60 , 266 – 9
Nepal, 369 , 376 , 379 , 382
North Korea, 115
Philippines, 296 , 317
protection, 12 , 28 , 76 , 129 , 216 – 17 , 255 , 331 – 2
Singapore, 286 – 9
South Korea, 85 – 94
standards, 393 , 395 , 399 , 407
Taiwan, 152 – 66
Thailand, 237
treaties, 152 – 5 , 163 , 395
Vietnam, 195 , 208 , 215 – 18
Hun Sen, 23 , 31 , 230 – 2 , 234 , 242
husbands, 72 , 310 , 317
hybrid constitutionalism (HC), 14 – 18 , 20 – 31 , 35 , 37
Ibrahim, Anwar, 244 , 259
ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights), 143 , 153 – 68 , 184 – 5 , 328 , 357
ICDC (Interim Constitution Drafting
Committee), 375 – 6
ICESCR (International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights), 143 , 153 – 68 ,
184 – 5 , 187 , 357
identity cards, 172 , 264 , 339
ideology, 18 , 21 , 96 , 102 , 114 , 170 , 198
Juche, 102 – 3 , 106 , 108
illegitimate children, 71 , 311
immunity, 67 , 70 , 148 , 176 , 278 , 314 , 326 – 7
state, 175 – 6 , 257
impartial election, 380 , 387
impartiality, 179 , 249 , 289
impeachment, 27 , 296 , 302 , 312 – 19
aborted, 315 – 17
power, 302 , 313 , 315 , 318
presidential, 80 , 146 , 161 , 325
trial, 296 , 313 , 319
imperialism, 8 , 17 , 30 – 1
implied constitutional rights, 285 , 289
imprisonment, 67 , 232 , 266 , 305 , 360
life, 138
impropriety, 249 , 289 – 91
inclusion, 39 , 57 , 263 , 323 , 331 , 335 , 371
inclusive democracy, 368 , 372
inclusiveness, 364 , 379 – 80 , 384 , 387
income, 91 , 112 , 350 , 364
incompetence, 259 , 293
independence, 7 – 8 , 25 – 8 , 31 – 2 , 79 , 160 – 3 , 179 – 81 ,
220 – 1
constitutions, 8 – 9 , 25 , 27
full, 23 , 220 , 230
judicial, 5 , 13 , 15 , 25 , 136 , 216 – 17 , 397 – 401
independent commissions, 84 , 150 , 160 – 1 , 376
independent judiciary, 179 , 218 , 346 , 371
India, 3 , 17 , 28 – 9 , 220 , 343 – 66 , 403 – 6
constitution, 28 , 344 – 8 , 356
constitutional amendments, 352 – 6
constitutional developments as response to
major challenges, 349 – 66
human rights, 357 , 359 , 363
judicial decisions, 361 – 4
judicial review, 346
Lok Sabha, 355 , 360
non-constitutional legislative reforms, 356 – 61
overview, 344 , 349
panchayats, 29 , 348 , 363
Punjab, 354 , 361
Rajasthan, 357 , 362
Sawhney, Indra, 353 – 4
SCs (Scheduled Castes), 348 , 350 – 5
STs (Scheduled Tribes), 348 , 352 – 5
Supreme Court, 29 , 345 , 347 , 351 , 353 – 5 , 361 – 6
untouchability, 346 , 365 , 367 – 8 , 371 , 373
Indian National Congress, 28 , 349
individual liberties, 121 , 217
individual rights, 5 , 26 , 187 , 207 , 215 , 331 , 372
individualism, 27 , 66 , 170 , 413
indoctrination, 102
Indonesia, 3 , 14 – 17 , 27 – 8 , 31 , 322 – 42
checks and balances, 324 – 6
chief justice, 329
constitution, 333 , 338
constitutional amendments, 324 – 38
elections and multiparty system, 335 – 8
Golkar, 336
Habibie, President, 331 , 336
House of Regional Representatives (DPD –
Dewan Perwakilan Daerah), 324 – 6 , 338 , 341
human rights, 324 , 328 , 331 – 5 , 340
Judicial Commission, 324 – 8 , 341
judicial review, 328
Mahfud, Chief Justice, 329 , 340
People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR – Majelis
Permusyawaratan Rakyat), 325 , 331 – 2
People’s Representative Assembly (DPR –
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat), 325 – 7 , 338
presidency, 325 , 336
religion and state, 338 – 41
Soeharto era, 28 , 322 – 4 , 333 – 6 , 341 – 2
Supreme Court, 327 – 9
Yudhoyono, President, 28 , 337 , 342
industrialization, 106 , 126 , 203 , 359
inequalities, socioeconomic, 343 – 4 , 349 , 353 , 364 – 6
information, 18 , 40 , 68 , 79 , 161 – 3 , 333 , 358
public, 162