judicial deferenceseedeference.
judicial duties, 249 – 50
judicial engagement, 391 , 398
judicial functions, 171 , 247 , 249 , 289 , 368
judicial independence, 5 , 13 , 15 , 25 , 136 , 216 – 17 ,
397 – 401
judicial interpretation, 181 , 288 , 312 , 400
judicial powers, 137 , 170 , 180 , 186 , 209 , 216 , 247 – 8
judicial process, 29 , 175 , 295 , 351
judicial reforms, 136 – 9
judicial reputation, 289 – 90
judicial review, 399 , 406 , 413
Burma, 228
China, 36 , 123
HKSAR, 175
India, 346
Indonesia, 328
Japan, 18 , 52 , 66 – 73
Philippines, 296 , 300 , 313 , 315 , 318
power of, 7 , 299 , 305 , 320
Singapore, 275 , 282 – 94
South Korea, 81
Vietnam, 206 , 209 , 211 , 216
judiciary, 121 – 3 , 161 , 166 – 8 , 179 – 81 , 210 – 12 , 247 – 50 ,
365 – 6
independent, 179 , 218 , 346 , 371
Malaysia, 244 , 246 , 250
see alsocourts;judges.
jurisprudence, 21 , 70 , 179 , 182 , 187 , 270 , 408
juristocracies, 36 , 271
justice, 83 – 7 , 103 , 176 – 8 , 181 , 207 , 317 – 19 , 334
natural, 286
social, 333 , 367 – 8 , 373 – 4 , 387
transitional, 376 , 386
KBS (Korean Broadcasting System), 95
KCC (Korean Constitutional Court), 80 – 93
Kelantan, 245 , 256 , 266
kendo, 69
Khin Nyunt, 223 – 4
Khmer Rouge, 23 , 230 – 2
kiem sat chung, 201 , 202 , 212 – 13
Kim Il-sung, 102 , 105 – 10 , 115
Kim Jong-il, 102 , 108 – 11 , 113 – 15
Kim Jong-un, 113 – 17
kingssee alsomonarchies, 29 , 230 – 4 , 255 – 9 ,
367 – 71 , 374 – 5 , 377
KMT (Kuomintang), 19 – 21 , 40 , 118 , 143 , 146 – 51 ,
156 , 162
government, 20 , 147 , 152 , 155 , 162
Kok Wah Kuan, 247
KoreaseeNorth Korea,South Korea.
Korea Workers’ PartyseeKWP.
Korean Constitutional CourtseeKCC.
KuomintangseeKMT.
KWP (Korea Workers’ Party), 37 , 102 , 104 – 6 , 111 ,
115land, 38 , 57 , 59 , 105 , 119 , 217 , 359
language(s), 180 , 300 , 332 , 356 , 372 – 3 , 388
official, 356 , 370 – 1
Latin America, 2 , 7 , 42 – 3 , 411
Lau Kong Yung, 171 , 173
law enforcement, 94 – 5 , 97 , 127 , 328
LDP (Liberal Democratic Party), 18 , 52 – 7 , 63 – 7 ,
73
leaders, 101 , 116 , 213 , 241 , 323 – 4 , 369 – 70 , 382 – 4
political, 56 , 78 , 203 , 293 , 371 , 381 , 385
religious, 266 , 268
supreme, 113 , 116 – 17
leadership, 25 , 37 , 63 , 102 , 194 , 230 – 2 , 245
China, 39 , 119 – 20 , 127 , 132 , 134 – 5 , 139
party, 198 , 259 , 389
political, 223 , 269 , 320 , 389
Lee Hsien Loong, 272 , 291 – 4
Lee Kuan Yew, 26 , 270 , 291
Lee Myong Bak administration, 97 – 9
legal reform, 30 , 39 , 285 , 294 , 300 , 322
legal systems, 2 , 38 , 61 , 133 , 143 , 154 , 191 – 3
legal vacuum, 60 – 1
legality, 2 , 126 – 30 , 187 , 202 , 211 , 253
socialist, 201 – 2 , 212 – 13 , 217
legislative branch, 59 – 60 , 144 , 162 , 201 , 305
Legislative Council, 22 , 131 – 2 , 175 , 178 – 9 , 188 – 91
legislative discretion, 67 , 85
legislative intent, 180
legislative power, 34 , 43 – 5 , 48 , 90 , 104 , 216
index, 43 – 5
Legislative Yuan, 20 – 1 , 144 – 7 , 154 , 162 , 164 – 5
legitimacy, 5 – 6 , 18 , 53 , 110 , 217 – 18 , 295 – 7 , 386 – 8
constitutional, 400
democratic, 164 – 6 , 277 , 325
political, 295 – 6
Leninist constitutionalism, 33 – 5 , 37
Leninist countries, 37 , 48 – 51
liberal constitutional democracy, 3 , 9 , 20 , 28 , 31
liberal constitutionalism, 14 , 35 – 6 , 209 , 218
liberal democracy, 10 – 11 , 15 , 19 – 21 , 26 – 9 , 33 – 7 ,
41 – 8
Liberal Democratic PartyseeLDP.
liberal values, 8 , 215 , 333
liberties, 5 , 12 , 190 – 2 , 223 , 230 , 346 , 370 – 2
constitutional, 285
fundamental, 244 , 256 , 259 , 286
individual, 121 , 217
political, 262 , 269
life imprisonment, 138
limited government, 12 , 35 , 216 – 17