rights (cont.)
individual, 5 , 26 , 187 , 207 , 215 , 331 , 372
of personality, 85 – 7 , 158
political, 2 , 17 , 28 , 40 , 45 , 77 – 8 , 184 – 7
property, 22 , 38 – 9 , 49 , 91 , 310
religious, 69 , 266
ROC (Republic of China), 19 , 40 , 142 , 152 – 6
Constitution, 144 , 158
Roh Moo-hyun, 80 – 2 , 91 , 95 – 6 , 99 – 100
rubber stamps, 127 , 177
rule of law, 2 – 4 , 116 – 17 , 164 – 8 , 198 – 9 , 269 – 71 , 341 ,
397 – 9
socialist
seesocialist rule of law.
state, 198 – 9 , 202 , 217
Sabah and Sarawak, 248 , 257 , 265
safeguards, 89 , 99 , 165 , 182 , 229 , 240 , 258 – 9
safety, 64 , 147 , 266 , 333 – 4 , 350
Sartori, Giovanni, 4 , 9 , 11 – 14 , 18 , 24 , 30
Saw Maung, 222 – 3
Sawhney, Indra, 353 – 4
SBGCs (statutory boards or government
companies), 279 – 80
Scheduled CastesseeSCs.
Scheduled TribesseeSTs.
SCNPCseeStanding Committee of the NPC.
SCs (Scheduled Castes), 348 , 350 – 5
SDF (Self-Defense Forces), 55 – 64
SDPJ (Social Democratic Party of Japan),
63
Second World Warsee alsoPacific War, 7 – 8 ,
17 – 18 , 23 , 30 – 1 , 53 , 57 , 64
sectarian privilege, 372
secular polity, 262 , 347
secular state, 261 – 3 , 310 , 371 , 388
secularism, 268 , 276 , 346 – 7 , 370 , 373 , 404
with a soul, 276
security, 55 , 64 , 79 , 84 , 257 – 8 , 305 , 334
national, 64 – 5 , 77 , 148 , 164 , 178 – 84 , 259
sedition, 132 , 178 , 255
Sedition Act, 257 , 260 , 275 , 284
self-defense, collective, 62 – 5
Self-Defense ForcesseeSDF.
self-determination, 15 , 85 – 6 , 371 , 388
sexual, 86
self-government, 15 , 188 , 220 , 371 , 388
self-reliance, 18 , 102 see alsoJuche
self-understanding, 403 – 4
semantic constitutions, 9 – 25 , 187
Senate, 233 , 237 , 240 , 245 , 302 – 3 , 313 – 15 ,
318 – 20
seniority, 245 , 354
separation of church and state, 69 , 310
separation of powers, 145 , 149 – 50 , 180 , 199 , 247 – 8 ,
295 , 322 – 4
Seven Party Alliance (SPA), 373 , 389
sexual exploitation, 158
sexual orientation, 296 , 332
sexual self-determination, 86
Shadrake, Alan, 285 , 289 – 90
sharia, 323 , 335 , 338 , 342
Sihanouk, Prince/King Norodom, 23 , 230 – 3 , 243
Singapore, 3 , 17 , 25 – 6 , 270 – 94
chief justice, 270
communitarianism, 283 – 4
composition of parliament, 277 – 9
constitutional amendments and institutional
developments, 276 – 82
human rights, 286 – 9
judges, 289 – 90
judicial review, 275 , 282 – 94
Lee Hsien Loong, 272 , 291 – 4
Lee Kuan Yew, 26 , 270 , 291
NCMPs (non-constituency MPs), 278 , 294
Nguyen Tuong Van case, 286 – 7
NMPs (nominated members of parliament),
277 – 8 , 294
PAP (People’s Action Party), 26 , 271 – 3
political defamation, 291 – 4
presidency, 276 , 279 , 282
Shadrake, Alan, 285 , 289 – 90
Yong Vui Kong case, 286 – 7
SLORC (State Law and Order Restoration
Council), 222 – 3
Social Democratic Party of Japan (SDPJ), 63
social instability, 234
social justice, 333 , 367 – 8 , 373 – 4 , 387
Social Network Services (SNS), 98
social order, 10 – 11 , 217 , 385 , 389
social reform, 203 , 285 , 368 , 389
socialism, 38 , 107 , 114 – 15 , 121 , 221 , 347
socialist legality, 201 – 2 , 212 – 13 , 217
socialist market economy, 38
Socialist Party of Japan (SPJ), 63
socialist rule of law, 37
socialist-oriented market economy, 196 , 203
socioeconomic inequalities, 343 – 4 , 349 , 353 , 364 – 6
socio-political costs, 78
Soeharto era, 28 , 322 – 4 , 333 – 6 , 341 – 2
songun seemilitary-first politics.
South Korea, 3 , 17 – 20 , 35 – 6 , 41 , 107 – 8 , 114 – 16
background, 77 – 8
chief justice, 79
constitutional court as centre of political co-
ordination, 79 – 81
constitutional developments since 2000 , 76 – 100
constitutional review of election system, 83 – 4