non-985Us are 15.59, 48.93, 1.04, and 1.66 respectively. Thefive-year averages of
increasable proportions of SCI articles and CSCD articles of DEA-inefficient 985Us
are 17.08, 7.77%, and those of non-985Us are 73.67 and 18.00%. Therefore, the
DEA-inefficient 985Us need to heavily improve their research efficiency by pub-
lishing more EI papers, and increasing the number of Patents, while the
DEA-inefficient non-985Us need to improve their research efficiency by publishing
more SCI articles.
In 2006–2010, the increasable amount of Patents of DEA-inefficient central
211Us is high than that of eastern 211Us or western 211Us, the increasable amount
of TOPESI articles of DEA-inefficient central 211Us is lower than that of eastern or
western 211Us. The increasable amount of Monographs of DEA-inefficient western
211Us is lower than that of eastern and central 211Us. The increasable proportion
of CSCD articles of DEA-inefficient western 211Us is also lower than that of
eastern and central 211Us, but their increasable proportion of SCI articles is higher
than that of eastern or central 211Us. Therefore, in order to improve research
efficiency faster, the DEA-inefficient eastern 211Us should publish more mono-
graphs and TOPESI articles, the DEA-inefficient central 211Us should increase the
number of Patents, and the DEA-inefficient western 211Us should publish more
SCI articles. Inside eastern 211Us, the DEA-inefficient HSZUs and OUs should
publish more monographs, and the DEA-inefficient JUs should make more efforts
to publish more TOPESI articles.
4.3.2 HSS Disciplines.................................
4.3.2.1 Efficiency Status of Research Production in 211Us
In 2006–2010, there are around 4.8% of all 211Us achieving technical efficiency.
Concerning scale efficiency, there are merely 8% of all universities achieving
optimum scale, and 40–50% operating in the area of increasing returns to scale
(IRS), and 45–55% operating in the area of decreasing returns to scale (DRS). In
2006 – 2010, the averages of TE, PTE, and SE scores of 211Us are around 0.33–
0.42, 0.42–0.56, 0.72–0.81 respectively. TE and PTE scores are at a relatively low
level, while SE scores are at a moderately good level. There are considerable
changes of each indicator across thefive years, TE and PTE scores are in the
uptrend with minorfluctuations, and SE scores are in the downtrend. Furthermore,
the standard deviations of each indicator are also large, which means internal
differences of TE, PTE and SE scores inside 211Us are fairly substantial.
Overall speaking, the technical efficiencies, pure technical efficiencies, and scale
efficiencies of HSS disciplines in 211Us still have more rooms to improve.
According to the results of 2010, there are 94 and 92% of total 211Us needed to
improve their TE and SE respectively. More importantly, there are around 45–55%
of total 211Us operating in the area of DRS, which means that these universities
should avoid conducting research activities by merely increasing the usage of
4.3 Conclusions 161