Low Carbon Urban Infrastructure Investment in Asian Cities

16 T. WAKIYAMA ET AL.

As the second largest city in Japan with high population density,
Yokohama presents opportunities for solar PV use which enable installa-
tion at rooftops and walls of households, offices and factories as opposed
to other forms of renewable energy such as wind, which typically involve
regulation and large-scale land acquisition (Kanagawa 2012 ). In fact, solar
PV constitutes 47 % and waste 46 % of the share of installed renewable
energy capacity in Yokohama, whereas wind and small hydro account for
only 2.1 % and 0.5 %, respectively (as of 2014) (City of Yokohama 2015 ).
In addition, Yokohama set up the Global Warming Action Plan towards
2030 to increase solar PV by installing it at 15 % of single-family houses
(0.32  MW), 15 % of complex housings (0.13  MW), 15 % of factories
(0.032 MW), and 15 % of offices (0.005 MW) in Yokohama city by 2030
(City of Yokohama 2014a).

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

Energy conversion Industry

Household Commercial

Transporation

Fig. 2.1 Yokohama total energy consumption levels. Source: City of Yokohama,
Climate change policy headquarters (http://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/ondan/
plan/ghgemissions/)