Low Carbon Urban Infrastructure Investment in Asian Cities

LOW-CARBON CITY SCENARIOS FOR DKI JAKARTA TOWARDS 2030 71

ity sector is the largest contributor of GHG emissions. Emissions appear
in the commercial, residential, and industry sectors. Emissions from the
transport sector result almost exclusively from oil combustion.
Based on sectors and forms of fuel use in the energy sector, mitigation
actions are primarily designed to reduce energy consumption levels by
means of effi ciency measures for various energy end users (industrial, com-
mercial, residential, etc.) that decrease GHG emitting fuel use (biofuel,
natural gas, and LPG) in various subsectors (transport, industry, and
power) and that limit energy consumption by shifting transport modes for
passengers and freight transport sectors. By implementing various GHG
emission mitigation measures in all sectors, GHG emissions in 2030 will
decrease by 19 % from 140.3 million tons of CO 2 to 114 million tons of
CO 2. As shown in Fig.  4.9 , all forms of mitigation result in 26 million tons
of CO 2 emission reduction. These actions are discussed in greater detail in
the following section.

5.2

1.9

2.8

4.8

0.1

15.2

30.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

million ton CO2

Power supply

Commercial

Industrial

Residenal

Freight Transport

Passenger Transport

7.1

2.1 0.8

0.7 - 4.0

• 
  

6.1

3.9

5.1

7.2

8.8 8.7

5.2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

million ton CO2

Electricity Gas Oil Coal

Fig. 4.7 GHG emissions from the energy sector in DKI Jakarta in 2005

21.0

7.4 6.7

19.3 0.6

85.4

140.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

million ton CO2

Power supply

Commercial

Industrial

Residential

Freight Transport

PassengerTransport

28.3

6.7 - 3.2 0.6

16.1

• 
  

0.3

33.2

16.4

35.5

28.7

39.9

35.6 36.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

million ton CO2

Electricity

Gas

Oil

Coal

TransportResident

ial

Indust

rial

Commer

cial

Fig. 4.8 GHG emissions from the energy sector in DKI Jakarta under BaU 2030
conditions