index 1177
explained as nenbutsu memory device,
1047
hṛdaya, spell texts and, 22–23, 33, 297,
388, 506, 656
Kakuban’s notions of human/sacred
communication and, 891
mandala, mudrā and, as core esoteric
Buddhist practices, 76–89, 134
mentioned, 5, 369
Myōe’s promotion of the mantra of
light and, 783–85
pseudo-Sanskrit incantations in Daoist
literature, 530–31
the term zhou “spell”, 80
mandalas and, 134
mantuoluo See mandala
Māra “the evil one”
mantra recitations used to defeat, 640
the term “demon-king” (mowang) and,
210
Mārīcī (goddess of war)
appearance in Daoist texts as “Dipper
Mother”, 421, 430
Beishan images of, 428–30, 432
the Great Bodhisattva sūtra (Da
Molizhi pusa jing), 429–30
mentioned, 119, 422, 432, 502
mention of texts related to, 35, 442, 449
merging of with Daoist astral divinity
Doumu, 119
popularity of in the Koryŏ, 603,
603n21
Tang forms of, 119
yoga teaching of Vajrabodhi and
Amoghavajra and, 428–29
See also military defense
marriage
clerical marriage ban lifted in Japan,
1017
lay-based religion of the Bai and,
381–82
Mongol-Korea alliances, 601
shugenja and, 1000–1001, 1004, 1020
Marshal Li Jing with Vaiśravaṇa, 131
martial arts
Sōtō Zen initiation documents and, 934
See also military defense
Mātaṅgī
Jāṅgulī, the Jungle Woman and, 124
Lotus Sūtra appearance of, 124
role in Pseudo-Śūrangamȧ Sūtra, 12, 640
Sārdūlakarṇāvadāna, T.1300, 124
material culture
accounting of material objects in the
Shōrai mokuroku by Kūkai, 713, 718
construction of the Nara Great
Buddha, 905n.4
esoteric symbols in contemporary
Japanese culture, 1030–31
Kūkai’s stimulating influence on, 1043
monjo accounts regarding, 710
as a reference to esoteric Buddhism, 16
ritual implements reflecting esoteric
Buddhism during the Koryŏ., 613
role of in defining political, religious
and philosophical parameters,
710n.5
Shintō renaming of Buddhist
implements, 1015, 1021
See also art; craftsmanship
Matrix Realm. See Wo m b Wo r l d
medicine and esoteric Buddhism
dhāraṇī rituals used in the Nara period
and, 667
dhāraṇī scriptures introduced to China
from India and, 208–9, 349
epidemic prevention during the Nara
period, 779
evolution of the tantric pantheon and,
210–12
Foshuo que wenhuang shen zhou jing
(Scripture on the Divine Spell for
Driving Away the Spirits of Yellow
Fever), 46
healing, demonology and, 208–14
invocation of Mahākāla to cure
Mongol nobility, 542
mantra of light and, 869
Saskya pandita’s display of skills in,
541
spirit possession combating rituals,
213–14
Śūraṅgama spell and, 927–28
texts introduced by Vajrabodhi
addressing, 349
Zen tea drinking and, 830–31
mediums in esoteric Buddhism
child-mediums used by Vajrabodhi,
253, 349–50
introduced, 251–54
mikos, 811, 1004
“shamanism” and, 251
Song dynasty practices using children,
253–54
Tang dynasty practices using children,
252–53
memory enhancement practices
buddhānusmṛti, 43
evidenced in Nara period endorsement
letters (ubasoku Kōshinge), 778–79