. after amoghavajra 331
larize. Indeed, these deities and practices were drawn back into the
currents of dhāraṇī and mantra practice that predated the MVS and
the STTS—concerns with demons, with illness, and with protection
of various sorts. When we shift our focus from persons to texts and
images preserved and circulated from the late eighth century onward,
we come upon a world of considerably more depth and diversity. The
body of evidence includes both works now included in the canon and
works from Dunhuang and Sichuan, including sūtras, ritual manuals,
murals, banners, cave sculpture, and drawings.^73
A recent survey of esoteric texts from Dunhuang presents a striking
picture.^74 While there are some present, texts of the MVS and STTS
cycles are not plentiful, and no version of the Susiddhikara has been
found. Far more prevalent are dhāraṇī texts and ritual manuals first
introduced in the early Tang, and texts devoted to individual deities.^75
For instance, many copies of the Foding zunsheng dhāraṇī^76 have
been found, as have copies of the Mahāpratisarā dhāraṇī^77 and the
Amoghapāśa dhāraṇī.^78 Texts devoted to Avalokiteśvara^79 in his vari-
ous forms abound, including those on Ekādaśamukha,^80 Sahasrabhuja-
sahasranetra,^81 and Cintāmaṇicakra.^82 There are also texts devoted to
Bhaisajyarāja,̣^83 Cundī,^84 Mārīcī,^85 Vaiśravaṇa,^86 and Mahāmāyūrī.^87
(^73) For a detailed discussion of esoteric art see Sørensen, “Esoteric Art under the
Tang,” in this volume.
(^74) Lin and Shen 2000a, 2000b. These volumes cover just the texts held in Beijing,
London, and Paris.
(^75) For more on these deities see Sørensen, “Central Divinities and the Pantheon,”
in this volume.
(^76) For example, Foding zunsheng tuoluoni zhou , S. 6113, 5914,
5249, etc. For a study of this important text see Copp 2005.
(^77) For example, Fo shuo suiqiu ji de dazizai tuoluoni shenzhou
, S. 403, P. 3920.
(^78) Bukongjuansou zhou jing , P. 4534, 3916, etc.
(^79) See Keyworth, “Avalokiteśvara,” in this volume.
(^80) Shiyi mian shenzhou xin jing , P. 3538, S. 3007, etc.
(^81) For example, Qianbei qianyan Guanshiyin pusa tuoluoni shenzhou jing
and its variants, S. 3534, S 231, etc. 82
For example, Guanshiyin pusa bimizang ruyilun tuoluoni shenzhou jing
, Beijing 7467, P. 2799, etc. 83
For example, Yaoshi liuliguang rulai benyuan gongde jing
, S. 135, 1299, etc. 84
For example, Qizhudi fomu xin da Zhunti tuoluonin jing
, S. 83, P. 3916. For the Cundī cult see Gimello 2004. 85
Foshuo Malizhi tian jing , P. 3136, S. 5618, etc.
(^86) Fo shuo beifang dasheng Bishamen tianwang qiqing jing
, S 5576.
(^87) Fomu da kongque mingwang jing , P. 2368.