Tissue Engineering And Nanotheranostics

“9.61x6.69” b2815 Tissue Engineering and Nanotheranostics

Directed Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells 95

able to generate VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 positive cells from both

hESCs and iPSCs and showed that these cells would form microcapil-

lary structures in hydrogels.^72

In 2014, Orlova et al. used a defined protocol to generate

endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells.^73 They illustrated that by

culturing hPSCs with sequential additions of CHIR99021 and

Activin A followed by VEGF and SB431542, they were able to gener-

ate VE-cadherin positive endothelial progenitors which later expressed

CD34 and KDR.^73 Lian et al. published a simplified protocol using

only CHIR99021 in the initial differentiation step and a serum and

growth factor free media in later steps.74,75 This protocol produced

endothelial progenitors marked by CD34 and VE-cadherin expres-

sion within five days; however, interestingly the protocol was only

effective with male pluripotent stem cells.74,75 Future research is neces-

sary to optimize a differentiation technique that works for both male

and female cell lines with improved efficiency.

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