Socialismand Fascism 165arguedsucha positionin the early1900s.“In termsof the economy,he recommended
nationalizingthe landand distributingit to the peasants.Thoseindustrieswhichaffected
the nationalandcommongoodwerelikewiseto be nationalized.He still adheredto his
‘Germanidealism,’ whichhe definedin termsof nature,simplicity,and GermanicChris-
tianity.”^109
RememberfromThe Freedomof PeacefulActionour disquisitionon WernerSombart,the
GermanMarxistwhoultimatelyconvertedto Naziism,andwhowasamongthe writers
to popularizethe expressioncapitalism(completewiththemat the end).AlthoughWerner
was not as virulentlyanti-Semiticas mostNazis,the Volkishmovementcitedhis writings
aboutthe historyof commercein theirvilificationof Jewsas financiers.His 1910treatise,
Die Judenund das Wirtschaftsleben(Jewsand Capitalism), becameheavilycitedamongthe
pan-GermanVolkishmovement.^110
In 1870ÉdouardDrumont,a Frenchwriterwhowould,decadeslater,be celebratedby
the NSDAP,wroteof the “expropriationof society” by the holdersof “financecapital... If
nothingis doneto arrestthis process... , all Europeansociety” shallbe subjugatedby “a
few hundredbankers.”^111 Thiscontributedto the Nazis’ beliefin the urgencyof murder-
ing the ethno-religiousgrouptheypresumedheldsuchfinancialdominion.
Havingbeeninfluencedby theseVolkishanti-Semites,AdolfHitlerwroteinMein
Kampfthat the Jewswerein thrallto Mammon.^112 Whois this Mammonreferencedby the
Führer?It is the sameMammonwhomRichardT. Ely referenced.To recap,Mammonis
the NewTestament’s termfor riches,whichthe GoodBookemployedas a synonymfor
greed.^113
Amongthe nationalsocialists,the Reichdictatorwasnot alonein hatingMammon.
Hereis JosephGoebbels’s rant:“Moneyis the curseof mankind.... Everypennyis sticky
withsweatandblood.... To me the worstdayof the weekis payday.Theythrowthe
moneyat us like bonesto a dog.... Moneyis the yardstickfor the valuesof [laissez-faire]
liberalism.... MoneyandJew—theybelongtogether.Moneyis withoutroots.It stands
abovethe races.... In its deepestsense,” laissez-faire“liberalismis the philosophyof
money.Liberalismmeans:I believein Mammon.Socialismmeans:I believein work.”^114
NaziexistentialistMartinHeidegger,too, hatedJewsfor beingtoo capitalist.Parisian
professorEmanuelFayewritesthatHeidegger’s phrasefor WeimarGermany’s prob-
lem—growingJewification—“designateseverythingHeideggerfoughtagainstto the very
end,” particularlylaissez-faire“liberalism,” republicanism,and“the ‘timeof theI’.. .”
Fayestatesthatin Heidegger’s rhetoric,“we see thatthe word‘liberalism’ and the adjec-
tive ‘liberal’ refer,exactlyas in the Naziattacksof the era, bothto Anglo-Saxonculture
and to Jewishthought—whetherit be politically,” in screedsagainstlaissez-faireconstitu-
tionalrepublicanism,“or ‘philosophically,’ in Heidegger,to the thoughtof the individual
and of theI, in whathe callstheIch-Zeit”^115 (emphasesFaye’s).
Accordingto Ian Kershaw,the “antisemitictirades” thatpropelledHitlerto national
stardom“wereinvariablylinkedto anti-capitalismand attackson ‘Jewish’ war profiteers”
whomhe faulted“for exploitingthe Germanpeopleand causingthe loss of the warand
the Germanwar dead.”^116
JosephGoebbelsagreedthat Jewishentrepreneurshadorchestratedthe war.The
PropagandaMinisterrambled,“Whilethe soldiersin the GreatWarofferedtheirbodies
for the protectionof theirhomesandtwomillionof thembledto death,the speculators
coinedgoldout of theirred andnobleblood.Andtheylaterusedthis goldto cheatthe
returningsoldiersout of houseand home.The war waswonby moneyand lost by labor.
The peoplesare not the victorsor the vanquished.Theyperformedonlyday laborin the
serviceof money,or defendedworkagainstthis slavelabor.Germanybattledfor work.
Francefoughtfor money.Laborlost the battle.Moneywonit.”^117