The Role of Proteomics in Personalized
Medicine
Djuro Josic ́and UrosˇAndjelkovic ́
Abstract The consequences of the differences in the genome of each human
individual are the variation in expressed protein isoforms, as well as the changes
of the level and timing of protein expression and of the spatial distribution of
expressed proteins. These differences are defined as differences in human prote-
ome. The consequence of the changes of individual proteome is the difference in
protein–protein interactions (interactome). The network of interactions between
proteins underlines every single process in a living organism and makes it happen.
This complex network is kept in more or less optimal homeostasis that is unique for
each organism. Thus, the capacity of the interactome to overcome disease condition
differs among individuals, e.g., to compensate over or down regulations of different
processes that are induced, e.g., by mutations. Recent technological advances in
high throughput proteomic techniques enabled fast and deep analysis of human
proteome and also some understanding of the complex mechanism of protein–
protein interactions. However, the human proteome analysis is still not complete,
and further improvements in both analytical techniques and accompanying bio-
informatics tools are necessary. In this chapter, current state of application of
different proteomic approaches for personalized patient proteome profiling and
search for diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers are presented and the
contribution of proteome analysis to personalized approach in most frequent dis-
eases in developed Western World, namely cancer, cardiovascular, urological and
neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus and allergies, has been reviewed.
Professor Djuro Josic ́, Ph.D., Head of Division for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of
Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
UrosˇAndjelkovic ́, Ph.D., Division for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology,
University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
D. Josic ́, Ph.D. (*) • U. Andjelkovic ́, Ph.D.
Division for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka,
Croatia
e-mail:[email protected];[email protected]
©Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
N. Bodiroga-Vukobrat et al. (eds.),Personalized Medicine,Europeanization and
Globalization 2, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-39349-0_9
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