Systems approach:
Shift away from current
symptom-based disease model
Describe phenotypes
Systemic insights
Infrastructure:
Access to technology
Biobanks
Human resources
Cohorts
Sharing mechanisms
Legal and ethical frameworks
Public-private partnership
Systemic data collection
Harmonisation:
Sample collection
Processing
Data handling
Terminology
Fig. 2Key enabling factors
Education
Stakeholder participation
Multidisciplinarity
Infrastructure
Revised classification of disease
Regulatory frameworks
Reimbursement models
Personalised Ethical, legal and social issues
medicine issues
Fig. 1Key issues affecting the development and implementation of personalized medicine
Personalized Medicine: The Path to New Medicine 17