357Body composition monitor (BCM), 267
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), 97
Bosentan, 224
Brachial–ankle PWV (ba-PWV), 142
Brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), 249
British Hypertension Society, 285
Bullfrog microinfusion catheters, 314
C
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), 293
Calcium channel antagonists, 26
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), 292,
293, 297
Cardiac hypertrophy, 267
Cardiac output (CO), 31
Cardio-renal prognosis, 44
Cardio-renal risk, 41, 44, 50
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), 80, 160
Cardiovascular events, 60, 67, 68, 72
Cardiovascular and renal survival, 68
Cardiovascular–renal syndrome
arteriosclerosis, 31, 32
bidirectional interaction, CKD and aTRH,
27, 28
diagnostic workup and evaluation,
34, 35
manifestations, 28–30
salt retention and overhydration, 32, 33
treatment, 35, 36
Cardiovascular risk, 1, 5, 8
Carotid body tone concept, 93
Carotid–femoral PWV (cf-PWV), 142
Carotidian baroreflex, 93
Caucasian patients, 42
CD34+ stem cells, 102
Celsius ThermoCool RFA catheter system, 311
Central control mechanism, 115
Central pulse pressure/stroke volume index, 141
Centro Nacional de Investigaciones
Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 250
Chemoreceptors, 93
Chlorthalidone, 221, 249
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), 27, 28, 324
adherence, 276, 279
analgesic nephropathy, 20
antihypertensive treatment, 26
apparent treatment-resistant hypertension,
26, 27
arterial hypertension, 25
aTRH and, 25, 36
blood pressure in patients, 275
BP targets, 261
cardiovascular diseases, 268
cardiovascular–renal syndrome
(see Cardiovascular–renal syndrome)
central pulse pressure, 266
cultural background and orientation, 269
diabetic nephropathy, 16, 17
diuretic and sympatholytic agent, 265
in drug adherence, 278
end-stage renal disease patients, 20, 21
extracellular/intracellular fluid ratio and
NT–proBNP, 266
glomerulonephritis and vasculitis, 17
HT, 259
in humans, 13
24-h urine collection, 265
hypertension, 13–15
hypertensive victims, 14
hypervolemia, 266
iatrogenic factors, 14
intense diuretic therapy, 265
kidney function and BP, 259
low-salt diet, 269
mechanisms, 264
medication-related reasons, 278
nonadherence, 279
patient-related reasons, 278
PD/HD, 267
physician-related reasons, 278
plasma renin and aldosterone, 266
polycystic kidney disease, 19, 20
renal parenchymal hypertension, 14
renovascular hypertension, 18, 19 (see also
Resistant hypertension (RHTN))
RHT, 259–264
salt, 261–264
sodium intake, 264, 269
sodium restriction, 264, 266, 269
studies, 276–278
US Renal Data System Annual Data
Report of 2010, 13
in vasoconstrictive factors, 14
Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology
Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula,
15, 70
Chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder
(CKD–MBD), 31
Chronic renal failure, 80
Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC),
59, 68
Chronotherapeutic approach, 45
Chronotherapy, 45, 226, 227, 251
Chymase, 100–101
32 CKD non-dipper patients, 45
Cocaine, 46
Cockcroft–Gault formula, 15Index