351- Low task/high relational behavior, a deep listening, facilitating, and following
style, called the “coach.” - Low task/low relational behavior, a delegating and empowering style, called the
“student.”
The four quadrants shown in Fig. 20.2 also represent the four basic tools of
leading:
- Quadrant 4: Asking—using open-ended questions, such as What are the
problems, What seems to be working, and What are your ideas? - Quadrant 3: Listening—gathering important information with no agenda other
than to understand feelings and experiences^23
(^23) Here is where training in motivational interviewing can help you to lead by listening, by affirm-
ing what people say (in your words), by reflecting in the form of statements that form a hypothesis
about what they mean, and by summarizing what transpired during the meeting and the next steps.
Relationship behavior
High
Low
Task behavior
High
Quadrant 1
Quadrant 2
Quadrant 4
Quadrant 3
Fig. 20.1 Defining
Leadership Style
High Role of Coach:
Low task/high
relationship
Listening Informing
Asking Telling
Role Hub at the
Center:
High task/high
relationship
Role of Student:
Low task/low
relationship
L
L
M M
MM
MM
M
M M M
M
M M
L
M
M M
M
L
M
MMM
M
Role of Teacher:
High task/low
relationship
Low Task behavior High
Fig. 20.2 Attention
Structure and Leadership
Style Alternatives
20 Teaching Surgeons How to Lead