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stu dy. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 97 (4), 308–312.» Primary sources are original sources of information presented by the people who created
them. Secondary sources are resulting commentaries, summaries, reviews, or interpretations
of primary sources.
» Many research journals involve peer review.
» There are many ways to categorize sources. Scholarly, trade, and popular literature is one way.
Another categorizing system involves periodicals, journals, and magazines.
» There are four types of review: narrative, integrative, meta-analysis, and systematic.
» Understanding how sources are structured can simplify a search of the literature.
» Sources can be identified through both print indexes and electronic databases. Topics, subject
matter, and format may vary but all include citation information.
» Helpful strategies to use when conducting a search include citation chasing, measurements of
recall and precision, keyword and controlled vocabulary searches, Boolean operators, trunca-
tion, wildcards, nesting, limits, stopwords, exploding, qualification, and positional operators.
» Databases can be either general content sources or subject-specific content sources. CINAHL
is nursing’s premier subject-specific database.
» By interacting with professional literature through writing, creating literature reviews, and
conducting research, nurses are part of the scholarly conversation taking place within their
discipline. Correct attribution of others’ original work, as well as proper construction of cita-
tions, demonstrates the ethical sense of responsibility and professionalism.128 CHAPTER 4 Finding Sources of Evidence