Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

KEY TERMS

At the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

‹ Explain the relationships among
the study purpose, literature review,
research questions or hypotheses,
study framework, and the study
design
‹ Define key concepts relevant to
quantitative research designs
including experimental,
nonexperimental, causality,
probability, control, manipulation,
bias, randomization,
between-subjects, within-subjects,
and study validity
‹ List elements to be considered when
appraising quantitative designs

‹ Define the two types of validity

‹ Describe seven threats to internal

validity

‹ Describe five threats to external

validity

‹ Identify strategies used to reduce

threats to internal and external

validity

‹ Differentiate the time dimension of

data collection across retrospective,

cross-sectional, and longitudinal and

prospective designs

‹ Discuss ethical issues related to

internal and external validity

attrition rate
between-groups design
bias
case-control
causality
cohort comparison
construct validity
control
crossover designs
cross-sectional
double-blind experimental
designs
effects of selection
ex post facto
external validity
extraneous variables
follow-up

Hawthorne effect

history

instrumentation

interaction of treatment

and history

interaction of treatment

and setting

interaction of treatment

with selection of

subjects

internal validity

longitudinal designs

manipulation

maturation

mortality

panel designs

probability

prospective designs

random assignment

random sampling

randomization

reactivity

retrospective designs

selection bias

statistical conclusion

validity

study validity

testing

trend

type II error

within-groups design