» In qualitative research, data collection, data analysis, and data interpretation often occur
simultaneously.
» Data analysis involves coding data into manageable units. This can involve data reduction,
open coding, or axial coding.
» Coded data are used to generate categories, themes, and patterns.
» Themes, using the language of the participants, paint a meaningful picture of the phenomenon.
» Computer software programs, such as CAQDAS, can assist researchers in organizing and
managing data.
» Interpretations of qualitative data strive to produce a description of complex phenomena.
» Qualitative research reports have a format different from quantitative reports. Authors use one
of three approaches: realist tales, confessionist tales, or impressionist tales.
» Criteria used to evaluate quantitative studies cannot be applied when evaluating qualitative
studies. Qualitative studies are trustworthy when strategies have been used to meet the criteria
of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.
» Maintaining confidentiality and protecting anonymity are especially important when con-
ducting qualitative studies. Researchers have an obligation to remain true to the data during
analysis and interpretation.RAPID REVIEW
Apply What You Have Learned
The EBP committee has almost completed entering information into the grid. To conclude the
analysis, report the findings from Jackson et al. (2014). Because this is a qualitative study, it is
appropriate to indicate the themes in the column for outcomes.REFERENCES
American Anthropological Association. (2016). Statement on ethnography and insti-
tutional review boards. Retrieved from http://www.americananthro.org/Participate
AndAdvocate/Content.aspx?ItemNumber= 1652
Ball, E., McLoughlin, M., & Darvill, A. (2011). Plethora or paucity: A systematic
search and bibliometric study of the application and design of qualitative methods
in nursing research 2008–2010. Nurse Education Today, 31 (3), 299–303.
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