Table 1(continued)ToolDescriptionRequirementsTypeInterfaceOperatingsystemPrograminglanguages ReferencesNormalizationSingle-cellnormalizationA quantitative statistical methodto distinguish true biologicalvariability from the high levelsof technical noise in single-cellexperiments. This approachquantifies the statisticalsignificance of observed cell-to-cell variability in expressionstrength on a gene-by-genebasisIt is a complete workflow torecreate all figures andnumbers shown in the paper.It is extensively commented inorder to demonstrate how oursuggested analysis method isperformed in practice andfacilitatere-implementation by the userPackageCommandlineUnix/Linux,Mac OS,WindowsR[82]SAMstrtThe resampling-based bulknormalization method inSAMseq is applied to spike-insAssumes that an equal number ofspike-in control RNAmolecules have been added toall samplesPackageCommandlineUnix/Linux,Mac OS,WindowsR[83]GRMFits polynomial gammaregression model to FPKMdata from spike-ins; estimatedparameters are used to convertFPKM of endogenous genesto an absolute scale withineach cellPerforms within cellnormalization and may beused with FPKM, RPKM, orTPMPackageCommandlineUnix/Linux,Mac OS,WindowsR[84]338 Yungang Xu and Xiaobo Zhou