ants [continued]
carpenter, 134
distribution of, 127
interaction with myrmecophytes,
291-293
nectar-collecting, 277
pest, 134
predatory, 134-135
seed dispersal by, 72, 256-257
in soil, 337
aphids, 100, 101
Aphrophoridae, 102
Apidae, 249
Apocrita, 125
aquatic habitats, of amphibians and
reptiles, 166-169
Araceae, 51, 345
Arachis pintoi (Perennial
Groundnut), 402
arachnids, 139-142
Araliaceae, 70, 73, 452
arboreal soil. See tree soil
Arecaceae, 253
Arenal Conservation Area, 353, 372—
373
Arenal Fault, 21
Arenal Hydroelectric Project, 353,
362
Arenal-Monteverde Protected Zone,
367, 380
Arenal volcano, 368, 380, 408, 409
Arenal watershed, 394
Arias, Oscar, 353
Artibeus lituratus (Big Fruit Bat), 231
Artibeus toltecus (Lowland Fruit-
eating Bat), 263
artificial insemination, 393, 397, 400
artisans, 370, 383
asexual reproduction, 88
Asociacion Insituto de Monteverde,
369
Asteraceae, 50, 51, 248
Ateles geoffroyi (Black-handed
Spider Monkey), 233
Atelopus varius (Harlequin Frog),
123, 151-153, 161, 162
mating in, 164
Atlantic Slope Forest, 41
atmospheric deposition, 324, 325,
342
Attini, 133-134
Auchenorrhyncha, 100
Audubon bird counts, 183
Aulacorhynchus prasinus (Emerald
Toucanet), 187f, 250, 260, 426
foraging behavior, 186
sexual dimorphism in, 214
autecological method, 179, 203
autotoxicity, 71
avocado family, 443
Azteca, 291
backs wimmers, 100
bacteriocidal activity, of plant
compounds, 452
Baird's Tapir. See Tapirus bairdiiBalanophoraceae, 58
banana production, 353
Bare-hearted Glass Frog. See
Hyalinobatrachium
colym biphyllum
Bare-necked Umbrellabird. See
Cephalopterus glabricollis
bark
patterns, 47-48
roughening, 341
texture, 49t
Barnens Regnskog, 380
Basidiomycetes, 61
Bassaricyon gabbii (Olingo), 236
bats, 425
fruit-eating, 231, 263, 269, 434-435
pollination by, 72, 247
reproduction, 227, 263
species list of, 553-555
species richness, 225-226
of various life zones, 231-232
beans, 414
beef production, 392
herd management, 400
history and development, 398-399
sustainability of, 399
bees, 423
Africanized honey, 138-139
distribution of, 127
ground-nesting, 136—137
importation of, 139
pollination by, 249, 274-275
stingless, 137-138
beetles, 96, 106-118
bark, 109, 117-118
dietary types, 107-108
host plants of long-horned, 115
migration of, 438
pollination by, 248, 251
in soil, 337
Begonia, intersexual mimicry in,
279-281
behavioral plasticity, 213
beliefs, 389
bellbirds. See Three-wattled Bellbird
Big Fruit Bat. See Artibeus lituratus
Bignoniaceae, 49
bigyny, in bark beetles, 117
bills, sexual dimorphism of, 214
biodiversity, 15, 352, 353, 372, 420.
See also species diversity
estimates of, 151
within and between habitats, 50
preserving, 432
reduction of, 394, 395
status of, 423-424
biogeography, of plants, 67-69
biological oxygen demand, 402, 405
biomass loss, 335
biotic movement, 21
birds, 180t, 194-195, 201-202. See
also names of specific birds
behavior of, 179, 188-190, 205-206
brood parasites, 422
conservation management of, 203-
204crop size, 260
demography, 196, 203
diets of, 160, 210-212, 258-259
guilds of, 199-200
habitats of, 424, 437t, 448-450
interactions with other taxa, 200-
201
migration in, 183-184, 194
mixed-species flocks of, 205-207
molting, 195
persistance of species, 153
pollination by, 200, 247, 276
population dynamics, 195—196,
198, 419
raptorial, 425
reproduction, 190-191, 198
seed dispersal by, 66, 257, 263,
288-289, 294-295, 435
sources of mortality in, 196—198
species at risk of extinction, 202
species list of, 541-552
species richness and distribution,
162, 179-180, 181, 182-184
bird watching, 355, 364
Black-faced Solitaire. See Myadestes
melanops
blackflies, gut fungi of, 83
Black-handed Spider Monkey. See
Ateles geoffroyi
Blakea, reproductive biology of, 273-
276
blooming. See flowering
Bolitoglossa subpalmata
(Monteverde Salamander),
153f
Bolivia, 377
Bombacaceae, 60, 248
Bos indicus (Zebu), 398, 400
Bosque Eterno de los Ninos. See
Children's Eternal Forest
Bosqueterno, 351, 356, 374
Bos taurus, 398
botfly larvae
control of, 395
effect on House Wrens, 197
branch characteristics, and litter, 342
branch fragmentation, 67
Bransford's Litter Frog. See
Eleutherodactylus bransfordii
brassicas, 397, 411
breeding behavior, in Brown Jays,
212
breeding sites, of transparent
butterflies, 120
breeding systems, of Inga, 85-87
Brillante Tract, 357
bromeliads (Bromeliaceae), 45, 57,
73-74, 345
amphibians and reptiles associated
with, 168
species list of, 529-530
Bronzed Cowbird. See Molothrus
aeneus
brood development, in army ants,
133
brood parasites, 422562 Index