Homoptera, 100-101
biodiversity of, 423
honey bees, Africanized, 138-139
horticulture, history of, 408
host specificity
of beetles, 110, 117
of psyllids, 105
hotels, 355
House Wren. See Troglodytes aedon
hover flies, 124
human activity. See also
deforestation; habitat
destruction
effect on bird populations, 433
humidity, in the canopy, 346
Hummingbird Gallery, 355
hummingbirds
breeding season of, 190
digestive physiology, 188
foraging in, 195, 216-218, 250
guilds of, 199-200
incubation in, 193
interactions with plants, 203
migration in, 184, 194, 201
molting in, 195
nesting in, 191
pollination by, 65, 247, 253, 267-
268
population densities of, 198
hunting, 202, 224, 232, 235, 391, 424,
425, 430
of birds, 198
effect on tapirs, 234, 242
hurricanes, 20, 304
Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum
(Bare- hearted Glass Frog), 165
Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni
(Fleischmann's Glass Frog),
149, 164
hybridization, between bee races,
139
hydraulic conductivity, of soil, 28
hydroelectricity, 363, 380
hydrologic inputs, wind-driven, 19-20
hydrology, 29-33
Hyla angustillineata (Pin-striped
Treefrog), 157
Hyla pseudopuma (Meadow
Treefrog), oviposition and
parental care, 164
Hyla uranochroa (Red-eyed Stream
Frog), recolonization in, 158
Hymenoptera, 124-139
distribution of, 126-129
migration of, 438
Ichneumonidae, 124
Icones series, 64
idiobionts, 124
inbreeding, 104, 117, 256
inceptisols, 27
incubation, in birds, 193
Indian Pipe, 58
indicator species, 429
indigenous peoples, 391, 408^09, 452
Inga, 85-87, 277-278insects. See also names of specific
insects
aquatic, 96-98
distribution of, 95
migration of, 438
institutional infrastructure, 431
Interamerican Foundation, 379, 383
interception loss, 30
intercropping, 403
International Children's Rain Forest,- See Children's Eternal
Forest
International Organic Crop
Improvement Association, 402
International Union for the
Conservation of Nature, 352,
431
Intertropical Convergence Zone, 16, 18
invertebrates
in the canopy, 346
gut fungi of, 83-85
in organic matter, 336-337
ion deposition, 326, 327t, 328t, 330t
irrigation, 353, 380, 391, 403
isopods, ants that prey on, 135
Ithomiinae, 120-121
Jaguar, 224, 234
James, Mary and Walter, 10
jelly fungus, 125katydids, 98-99
Kern, Eha, 363
Kikuyu Grass. See Pennisetum
clandestinum
killer bees, 139
Kinderregenwald Deutschland, 364
Kinkajou. See Potos flavus
kin selection, 189, 204, 212
Kinsman, Sharon, 363
kitchen gardens, 412
knowledge, 389
koniobionts, 124
Kriebel, Ann, 380La Bella Farm, 380
labor availability, 400, 401
La Campesinita, 384
La Cruz Reserve, 366
Lactophilus, 446
lagoons, hog waste, 405, 406f, 415
Lake Arenal, 380
lakes, 26-27
land prices, 385
landslides, 23, 24-26, 313, 430
land use, 324, 430
patterns, 428
zoning, 360, 381
larvae
alteration of floral sex by fly, 278-
279
of aquatic insects, 96
of beetles, 106-107, 115
of flies, 123, 124
as food source for birds, 208
hymenopteran, 124-126La Selva Biological Station, 431
Las Juntas Fault, 21
Lauraceae, 53, 69, 253, 316, 317,
430
association with birds, 260
density-dependent mortality,
263-264
flowering and fruiting patterns, 66
pollination of, 249
recolonization by, 442-444
seed dispersal in, 283f, 289-291,
426-427
sex ratios in, 87-88
La Ventana, 438
leaching, 396
leaf adaptations, 76
leaf beetles, 117-119, 423
leafcutting ants, 133-134
leaf diversity, 49-50
leaf flushing, 65-66
leafhoppers, 100, 102-103
leaf litter ants, 135
leaf miners, 108f, 116
leaf tents, of bats, 227 f, 228
Leiton family, 379, 390t
Lejeuneaceae, 79
lek mating, 189, 215
lenticels, 340
Lepidoptera, 118-122
Leptanillophilini, 110
lianas, 54, 56f, 72
families of, 519-522
pollination of, 252
seed dispersal, 258
lichens, 60-61
life zones, 8, 41-44, 439
bird species in, 181, 182-183
distribution of bats in, 231-232
light, availability of, 345
Limon Province, 224
Linyphiidae, 140
lithophytes, 45
litter, 329-334
decomposition, 24, 27, 328, 334
dynamics, 335, 341-342
litterfall
biomass of, 343f
nutrient concentration of, 330t
litter size, in mice, 228, 238
liverworts, 80
lizards
abundance of, 159f
breeding systems of, 163
declines in, 158, 170
distribution and thermobiology,
168
long-horned beetles, 114-115
Long-tailed Manakin. See
Chiroxiphia linearis
Long-tailed Weasel. See Mustela
frenata
Loranthaceae, 50, 57, 81
Los Llanos, 90
lower montane forest, 43
Lowland Fruit-eating Bat. See
Artibeus tolteca567 Index