Role of Pesticides in Produce Production, Preservation, Quality, and Safety 359
TABLE 11.7
Examples of Fungal Diseases on Vegetables and Fungicides Used for Their
Control in the U.S.
Commodity Disease/Fungus Infected Plant Parts Fungicides
Beans,
peas
White mold
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Blossoms, stems,
leaves, pods
Benomyl, chlorothalonil,
dicloran, iprodione, maneb,
thiophanate-methyl
Carrots, parsley Alternaria leaf blight
Alternaria dauci
Seedlings, leaves Azoxystrobin, benomyl,
chlorothalonil, iprodione
Celery Late blight
Septoria apiicola
Early blight
Cercospora apii
Leaves Benomyl, chlorothalonil,
maneb, propiconazole
Cole
vegetablesa
Alternaria leaf spot
Alternaria brassicae
Seedlings, leaves Chlorothalonil, maneb
Downy mildew
Peronospora parasitica
Seedlings, leaves Chlorothalonil, copper
hydroxide, fosetyl-Al,
maneb, mefenoxam
Cucurbitsb Gummy stem
blight/black rot
Didymella bryoniae
Phoma cucurbitacearum
Seedlings, leaves,
stems, fruits
Azoxystrobin, benomyl,
chlorothalonil, copper
hydroxide, mancozeb,
thiophanate-methyl
Lettuce Bottom rot
Rhizoctonia solani
Leaves Iprodione, vinclozolin
Onions Downy mildew
Peronospora destructor
Leaves Azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil,
copper sulfate, fosetyl-Al,
mancozeb, maneb,
mefenoxam
Peppers Phytophthora blight
Phytophthora capsici
Seedlings, stems,
leaves, fruits
Copper hydroxide, maneb,
mefenoxam metalaxyl
Potatoes,
tomatoes,
eggplants
Late blight
Phytophthora infestans
Early blight
Alternaria solani
Leaves, stems,
tubers, fruits
Azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil,
cymoxanil, dimethomorph,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram,
propamocarb HCl
Spinach Downy mildew
(blue mold)
Peronospora effusa
P. farinosa, P. spinaciae
Seedlings, leaves Copper hydroxide, fosetyl-Al,
maneb, mefenoxam
Sweet corn Common rust
Puccinia sorghi
Leaves, ears Chlorothalonil, mancozeb,
maneb, propiconazole
aBrassicaceae including, e.g., broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, kale,
kohlrabi.
bCucumbers, zucchini, squash, gourds, pumpkins, watermelons, etc.
Source:National Scientific Foundation Center for Integrated Pest Management and USDA Crop Profiles
Web site, available at http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/.