Higher Systematics of the Pentatomoidea 81
The included genera are Arvelius, Chlorocoris Spinola (Figure 2.29F) (with 3 subgenera including
Arawacoris Thomas, Chlorocoris, and Monochrocerus Stål), Chloropepla, Eludocoris Thomas, Fecelia
Stål, Loxa Amyot and Serville (Figure 2.20K), Mayrinia Horváth (Figure 2.20L), and Rhyncholepta
Bergroth (Figure 2.21A), although Arvelius, by virtue of the armed abdominal venter, may not belong
here. Several of the above listed genera have been reviewed recently: Arvelius (Brailovsky 1981),
Chlorocoris (Thomas 1985, 1998), Chloropepla (Greve et al. 2013), Fecelia (Grazia 1976, 1980b, Eger
1980), Loxa (Eger 1978), and Mayrinia (Grazia-Vieira 1972). Host plant preferences can vary, but at
least species of Arvelius seem to favor members of the plant family Solanaceae. Arvelius albopuncta-
tus (DeGeer) has been recorded on tomato (Basso et al. 1974) in Brazil, and, more recently, has been
reported as becoming a problem on cherry tomatoes in Baja California (Panizzi 2015). It also is known
to vector trypanosomatid protozoans (Kastelein and Camargo 1990). They also have been studied as
possible biological control agents for weedy species of Solanum in South Africa (Siebert 1977, Olckers
and Zimmermann 1991).
2.2.10.7.16 Coquereliini Cachan, 1952
Cachan (1952) proposed the Coquereliaria for two previously described genera (Coquerelia and
Coquerelidea Reuter) and two new genera (Cleoqueria Cachan and Neocoquerelidea Cachan), all of
which are endemic to Madagascar. Coquerelia (Figure 2.29G) contains two species; the remaining
three genera are monotypic (Table 2.3). From the descriptions, it appears that this group could be
related to the Catacanthini or possibly the Antestiini. The abdominal venter is described as being
unarmed, but it is armed with a small tubercle in Neocoquerelidea. There is a tendency for the
anterolateral pronotal margins to be strongly convex, expanded, and distinctly reflexed (Figure
2.29G). The ostiolar rugae are usually elongate and apically acute (except shorter in Cleoqueria).
Some of the markings on the dorsum are similar to those seen in Catacanthus (e.g., Coquerelia,
Coquerelidea), Antestia (e.g., Neocoquerelidea), or the Madagascan acanthosomatine Noualhieridia
ornatula Breddin (e.g., Cleoqueria). The Coquereliini is potentially closely related to the Catacanthini
(Fürstenau and Grazia 2014) and there is the possibility that it will be proven to be a synonym of
that tribe.
2.2.10.7.17 Degonetini Azim and Shafee, 1984
Distant (1902) treated the genus Degonetus Distant in the Tropicoraria (= Pentatomini). Azim and Shafee
(1984a) noted that this genus exhibited several characters that would preclude it from being a member
of that tribe, but they were unable to place it in any other known tribe; thus, they proposed the tribe
Degonetini.
Members of this tribe are medium in size, ovate, with prominent acutely produced humeral angles
(Figure 2.29H). The antennae are four-segmented in both sexes. The juga are longer than the tylus and
curve mesad apically. The anterolateral pronotal margins are distinctly dentate. The prosternum, meso-
sternum, and metasternum are sulcate medially, with no sign of a medial carina. The ostioles are rela-
tively large, but unattended; that is, there is no ostiolar auricle or ruga extending laterally; the associated
evaporative area is relatively large and shiny. The base of the abdomen is provided with a stout, conically
shaped tubercule reaching the middle of the hind coxae (this is the only known pentatomoid taxon that
has the combination of a sulcate mesosternum and an armed abdominal venter). According to Azim and
Shafee (1984a), the spermathecal bulb has tubular outgrowths, and the proximal part of the sclerotized
rod is long and narrow.
This tribe contains a single genus, Degonetus (Figure 2.29H), and two species [D. serratus (Distant)
and D. sikkimensis Mathew] (Table 2.3), both only known from India. Based on the illustrations pro-
vided by Mathew (1969), D. sikkimensis is not conspecific with D. serratus, but it probably belongs
to or it is related to Prionaca Dallas (currently in the Pentatomini, see Section 2.2.10.7.34). Little is
known about the biology of these species. There are two known plant associations: Chatterjee (1934)
recorded D. serratus (Distant) from sandalwood, Santalum album L. (Santalaceae), and there have
been three records from teak, Tectona grandis Loureiro (Lamiaceae) (Chatterjee 1934, Azim 2011, and
Roychoudhury and Chandra 2011).