Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)

536 Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)

100

A

B

50

0

10 12

6

5

4

3

2

1

123456

14 16

Photoperiod, h

Incidence,

%

FIGURE 11.19 Effect of photoperiod on body color of the fifth instar nymphs, and photoperiodic response of adult dia-
pause induction in the pentatomid Plautia stali from Tawaramoto, Japan (34.5°N). Grades of body color in fifth instars
(A) are shown above the graph (B) with comparison of the photoperiodic response curves controlling the induction of adult
diapause in females and males (thick lines) and the determination of body color of nymphs (thin lines). Close circles, males;
open circles, females. Incidence on the vertical axis refers to the incidence of diapause (thick lines) and the incidence of
color grades of nymphs (thin lines). Nymphs were reared and adults were then maintained under constant photoperiodic
conditions (indicated under the horizontal axis) at temperature 25°C. Numerals on the graph indicate grades of body color
in nymphs. (From H. Numata and S. Kobayashi, Experientia 50: 969–971, 1994, with permission.)

100

80

60

Incidence of color grade

s, %

40

20

0

14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18

100

80

60

40

20

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

Photoperiod, h

A 23.3:12.7°C BC27.0:13.5°C 27.0°C

FIGURE 11.20 Effect of photoperiod and temperature on body color of nymphs of the predatory pentatomid Arma custos
from Belgorod Province, Russia (50°N). Nymphs were reared to adults and then maintained under constant photoperiods
(indicated under the horizontal axes) but different temperatures: A – outdoor rearing under constant photoperiods and
mean day temperature 23.3°C and mean night temperature 12.7°C (i.e., a rhythm of mean temperatures 23.3:12.7°C);
B – laboratory rearing under constant photoperiods and constant day temperature 27.0°C and constant night temperature
13.5°C (i.e., rhythm of temperature 27.0:13.5°C); C – laboratory rearing under constant photoperiods and constant temperature
27.0°C. Overall mean temperature in the treatment B was higher than in the treatment A, but lower than in the treatment
C. Light sections of bars: brightly-colored nymphs; black sections of bars: dark-colored nymphs. (Modified from T. A.
Volkovich and A. Kh. Saulich, Entomological Review 74: 151–162, 1995, with permission.)