Obbard, M. E. 1987. Red squirrel. In Wild furbearers manage-
ment and conservation in North America,ed. M. Novak,
M. E. Obbard, and B. Malloch, 265 – 81. Toronto: Ontario
Ministry of Natural Resources.
Ober, C., L. R. Weitkamp, N, Cox, H. Dytch, D. Kostyu, and S.
Elias. 1997. HLA and mate choice in humans. American Jour-
nal of Human Genetics61 : 497–504.
Ogelsby, J. M., D. L. Lanier, and D. A. Dewsbury. 1981. The
role of prolonged copulatory behavior in facilitating repro-
ductive success in male Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus
auratus) in a competitive mating situation. Behavioral Ecol-
ogy and Sociobiology8 : 47–54.
Ognev, S. I. 1940. Animals of the USSR and adjacent countries.
IV. Rodents.Jerusalem: Israel Programme for Scientific Trans-
lations.
———. 1947 [1963]. Mammals of USSR and adjacent countries,
rodents.Jerusalem: Israel Program Scientific Translation, 5.
Ohnishi, N., T. Saitoh, and Y. Ishibashi. 2000. Spatial genetic
relationships in a population of the Japanese wood mouse
Apodemus argenteus. Ecological Research15 : 285 – 92.
Ojasti, J. 1973. Estudio biologico del chiguire o capibara.Cara-
cas: FONAIAP.
———. 1991. Human exploitation of capybara. In Neotropical
wildlife use and conservation,ed. J. G. Robinson and K. H.
Redford, 236 –52. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ojeda, R. A., C. E. Borghi, G. B. Diaz, S. M. Giannoni,
M. Mares, and J. K. Braun. 1999. Evolutionary convergences
of the highly adapted desert rodent Tympanoctomys barrarae
(Octodontidae). Journal Arid Environments41 : 443 –52.
Okasanen, T. A., R. V. Alatalo, T. J. Horne, E. Koskela, J.
Mappes, and T. Mappes. 1999. Maternal effort and male
quality in the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus. Proceed-
ings of the Royal Society of London, Series B266 : 1495 – 99.
Oksanen, L., and P. Lundberg. 1995. Optimization of reproduc-
tive effort and foraging time in mammals: The influence of
resource level and predation risk. Evolutionary Ecology
9 : 45 –56.
Oksanen, T., and H. Henttonen. 1996. Dynamics of voles and
mustelids in the taiga landscape of northern Fennoscandia in
relation to habitat quality. Ecography19 : 432 – 43.
Oksanen, T., L. Oksanen, W. Jedrzejewski, B. Jedrzejewska,
E. Korpimäki, and K. Norrdahl. 2000. Predation and the
dynamics of the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus. Polish
Journal of Ecology48 (suppl.):197–217.
Oksanen, T., L. Oksanen, M. Schneider, and M. Aunapuu.
- Regulation, cycles and stability in northern carnivore-
herbivore systems: Back to the principles. Oikos94 : 101–17.
Oksanen, T., and M. Schneider. 1995. Predator-prey dynamics as
influenced by habitat heterogeneity. In Landscape approaches
in mammalian ecology and conservation,ed. W. Z. Lidicker,
Jr., 122 –50. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Olds, N., and J. Shoshani. 1982. Procavia capensis. Mammalian
Species171 : 1–7.
Oli, M. K. 2004. The fast-slow continuum and mammalian life-
history patterns: An empirical evaluation. Basic and Applied
Ecology5 : 449 – 63.
Oli, M. K., and K. B. Armitage. 2003. Sociality and individual
fitness in yellow-bellied marmots: Insights from a long-term
study (1962 –2001). Oecologia136 : 543 –50.
———. 2004. Yellow-bellied marmot population dynamics:
Demographic mechanisms of growth and decline. Ecology
85:2446 –55.
Oli, M. K., and F. S. Dobson. 1999. Population cycles in small
mammals: The role of age at sexual maturity. Oikos
86 : 557– 65.
———. 2001. Population cycles in small mammals: The
a-hypothesis. Journal of Mammalogy 82 : 573 – 81.
———. 2003. The relative importance of life-history variables to
population growth rate in mammals: Cole’s prediction revis-
ited. American Naturalist161 : 422 – 40.
———. 2005. Generation time, elasticity patterns, and mam-
malian life histories: A reply to Gaillard et al. American Natu-
ralist166 : 124 –28.
Oli, M. K., and B. Zinner. 2001. Partial life-cycle analysis: A
model for birth-pulse populations. Ecology82 : 1180 – 90.
Olivares, A. I., D. H. Verzi, and A. I. Vasallo. 2004. Masticatory
morphological diversity and chewing modes in South Ameri-
can caviomorph rodents (family Octodontidae). Journal of
Zoology, London263 : 167–77.
Oliver, W. L. R. 1977. The hutias (Capromyidae) of the West
Indies. International Zoo Yearbook17 : 14 –20.
Oliver, W. L. R., L. Wilkins, R. H. Kerr, and D. L. Kelly. 1986.
The Jamaican hutia (Geocapromys brownii) captive breeding
and reintroduction programme —history and progress. Dodo
23 : 32 –58.
Oliveras, D., and M. Novak. 1986. A comparison of paternal
behaviour in the meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus,the
pine vole M. pinetorum,and the prairie vole M. ochrogaster.
Animal Behaviour34 : 519 –26.
Olson, S. L. 1985. Mountain plover food items on and adjacent
to a prairie dog town. Prairie Naturalist17 : 83 – 90.
Olsson, G. E., N. White, C. Ahlm, E. Fredrik, A.-C. Verlemyr,
P. Juto, and R. T. Palo. 2002. Demographic factors associated
with hantavirus infection in bank voles (Clethrionomys glare-
olus). Emerging Infectious Diseases8 : 924 –29.
Olsson, I. A. S., C. M. Nevison, E. G. Patterson-Kane, C. M.
Sherwin, H. A. van de Weerd, and H. Wurbel. 2003. Under-
standing behaviour: the relevance of ethological approaches in
laboratory animal science. Applied Animal Behaviour Science
81 : 245 – 64.
O’Meilia, M. E., F. L. Knopf, and J. C. Lewis. 1982. Some conse-
quences of competition between prairie dogs and beef cattle.
Journal of Range Management35 : 580 – 85.
Onaka, T., and K. Yagi. 1998. Role of noradrenergic projections
to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in neuroendocrine
and behavioral responses to fear-related stimuli in rats. Brain
Research788 : 287– 93.
Orians, G. 1969. On the evolution of mating systems in birds
and mammals. American Naturalist103 : 589 – 603.
Orlenev, D. P. 1987. Spatial and ethological structure of mongo-
lian gerbils’ population in natural conditions and in conditions
of experimental modulation of density. [In Russian.] Published
summary of Candidate of Biological Sciences diss., Moscow.
Osborn, D. J., and I. Hemly. 1980. The contemporary land mam-
mals of Egypt (including Sinai).Fieldiana Zoology. Publica-
tions Field Museum of Natural History New Series N5.
Ostermeyer, M. 1983. Maternal aggression. InParental behaviour
in rodents,ed. R. W. Elwood, 151–79. Chichester, NY: Wiley.
Ostermeyer, M. C., and R. W. Elwood. 1983. Pup recognition in
Mus musculus: Parental discrimination between own and
alien young. Developmental Psychobiology16 : 75 – 82.
Ostfeld, R. S. 1985. Limiting resources and territoriality in mi-
crotine rodents. American Naturalist126 : 1–15.
———. 1990. The ecology of territoriality in small mammals.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution5 : 411–15.
———. 1994. The fence effect reconsidered. Oikos70 : 340 – 48.
564 References