strong inference, 5, 490
substrate throwing, 305 –7
subterranean: rodents, 11, 249 –54, 291–302,
403 –15, 427–37; sociality, 249 –54, 404,
408 –10, 413 –15, 427–37
suppression, of reproduction, 145 – 47, 178 –79,
272, 277, 336, 349, 361, 364 – 66, 435 –36
survival behaviors, development of, 199 –204
swimming, learning of, 212
symmetry in power, 311–12
sympathetic nervous system, 140
synapse, 192
synchrony: of activity, 330 –31; of reproduc-
tion, 34, 106 – 8, 396, 399 – 401, 445 – 47
synthesis of disciplines, 6
tail slapping, of beavers, 286
t-allele complex,47, 58, 64 – 67
template, 217, 222, 261
tenacious nipple attachment, 241
territoriality, 32 –38, 42, 53 –54, 58 –59, 63,
66, 70, 87, 156 –58, 173 –78, 232, 255 – 61,
264, 273 –75, 281– 83, 285 – 86, 292, 295 –
97, 300, 347, 349, 353, 361– 64, 374 –76,
381– 86, 394 – 98, 401–2, 422, 426, 441–
42, 445
territory: bequeathal of, 42, 53 –54, 156 – 60,
333; natal, 53 –54
testes size, 29 –31, 39, 398
testosterone, 107– 8, 142 – 45, 188
thermal stability, of rocks , 419
thermoregulation, 363 – 64, 419 –20, 422, 468
threat urgency, 309
tonic behaviors, 308, 311–13, 318
top-down effect, 455, 467
topographic complexity, 418 –19
toxoplasmosis, 390 – 91
traditional classification, 15 –16
translocation, 475 –76
Trivers-Willard hypothesis, 130 –35, 235 –36,
398 – 99
trypanosomiasis, 479
tularemia, 479
two-action method, 213
tyrosine hydroxylase, 191
ultimate causes, 4 –5, 58, 144, 150 –52, 195 –
96, 218, 220, 226 –28, 289, 307, 309, 312,
314 –16, 433 –38, 443, 485
ultrasonic alarm calls, 318
urinary chemosignal, 106 –14, 256, 259, 262,
266, 386varmint, 453, 463, 471
vasopressin, 187–193, 266; receptor, 187– 93
vector-borne pathogens, 479 – 80 364, 390 – 91,
470, 473 –74, 476 – 80, 484 – 85
venom neutralization, 311, 314 –15
ventral: gland, 256; pallidum, 187– 89; tegmen-
tal area (VTA), 187, 192 – 93
vertical transmission, 482 – 83
vocal repertoire, 318 –20, 324 –27
volcanism, 429, 431
vole cycle, 329, 336, 456, 478
vomeronasal organ (VNO), 60, 108, 188, 263
Wahlund effect, 170
waif dispersal, 9, 12
water basin hypothesis, 420
weaning, 47, 49, 52 –55, 100 –105, 231– 42
weasel scent, 336
Whitten effect, 106 – 8, 110 –11
wounding, 35, 92, 142
X* chromosome, 135 –36
zoonoses, 479, 482 – 86
zygomasseteric system, 14 –15604 Subect Index