48 AH January 2016
A
fter the mid-1944 Battle of the Philip-
pine Sea—the “Great Marianas Turkey
Shoot”—the U.S. military considered
2IXIVM[MVI^ITI^QI\QWVÅVQ[PMLI[IV
MٺMK\Q^MÅOP\QVONWZKMJ]\NW]Z5Q\[]
JQ[PQ/5¹*M\\aºXQTW\[KTMIZTaLQ[-
IOZMML)\L][SWV7K\WJMZÆaQVO
R][\IJW^M\PM_I\MZ\PMaXMVM\ZI\ML
the destroyer screen around Task Force
WNN.WZUW[I<PMTMILJWUJMZ_I[JMQVO
[PZMLLMLJaIV\QIQZKZIN\ÅZMI[Q\LZWXXMLI\WZ-
XMLWR][\aIZL[Wٺ\PMÆMM\KIZZQMZFranklin: a
UQ[[*]\\W\PMPWZZWZWN\PM)UMZQKIV[WV¹*QO
*MVºQ\[LM[XMZI\MXQTW\IT[WIQUMLPQ[IQZKZIN\I\
\PMU;PW\LW_VI\\PMTI[\QV[\IV\Q\PQ\\PM_I\MZ
[WKTW[M\W\PM[PQX\PI\WVMWNQ\[_QVO[MVLML]X
WV\PMÆQOP\LMKS
<PM2IXIVM[MXQTW\¼[VIUM_QTTVM^MZJMSVW_V
<WSaWXZWXIOIVLIKZMLQ\ML\PMI\\IKS\WVWTM[[
\PIV:MIZ)LU5I[IN]UQ)ZQUIKWUUIVLMZ
WN\PM\P)QZ.TW\QTTIW]\WN4]bWV_PWPIL
taken it upon himself to personally lead an attack
IVL_I[KTIQUML\WPI^MLQ^MLPQ[XTIVMQV\WIV
)UMZQKIVKIZZQMZ<PW]OP)ZQUIÆM_I[QVOTM
close call
Above: This attack by
a Zero on the battle-
ship Missouri on April
11, 1945, did only
minor damage. Above
right: Vice Admiral
Takijiro Onishi, father
of kamikaze tactics.
MVOQVMAWSW[]SI,A+WUM\LQ^MJWUJMZ\_W
days after the torpedo run on Franklin_PMVVW
)UMZQKIVKIZZQMZ[_MZMPQ\XTIQVTa\PMQLMIWN[]Q-
KQLITI\\IKSIOIQV[\W^MZ_PMTUQVOWLL[IXXMITML
to the Japanese spirit.
)NM_LIa[IN\MZ)ZQUI¼[LMI\PIVM_KWU-
UIVLMZIZZQ^MLI\5IVQTI>QKM)LUQZIT<ISQRQZW
7VQ[PQPILPMTXMLLM^Q[M\PMI\\IKSWV8MIZT
0IZJWZM^MV\PW]OPPMJMTQM^MLQ\_W]TL[\IZ\
I_IZ2IXIVKW]TLVW\_QV)OIQV[\\PM=;\I[S
NWZKMWٺ4Ma\M/]TNPQ[MV\QZM.QZ[\)QZ.TMM\KW]TL
U][\MZVWUWZM\PIVIQZKZIN\<PM)UMZQKIV[
PILUWZM[PQX[\PIV\PM2IXIVM[MPILXTIVM[
J]\ ̧IVL\PQ[_I[SMa\W7VQ[PQ¼[[\ZI\MOa ̧VW\
more aircraft carriers. “In my opinion there is
WVTaWVM_IaWNI[[]ZQVO\PI\W]ZUMIOMZ[\ZMVO\P
_QTTJMMٺMK\Q^M\W\PMUI`QU]ULMOZMMºPM\WTL
PQ[XQTW\[¹<PI\Q[\WWZOIVQbM[]QKQLMI\\IKS]VQ\[
KWUXW[MLWNBMZWÅOP\MZ[IZUML_Q\PSQTW-
OZIUJWUJ[_Q\PMIKPXTIVM\WKZI[PLQ^MQV\W
an enemy carrier.”
8ZQ^I\MTaNMMTQVO¹\PMNIK\\PI\_MPI^M\WZM[WZ\
\WI\PQVOTQSM\PQ[[PW_[PW_XWWZW]Z[\ZI\MOaPI[
JMMVº7VQ[PQLQLVW\OQ^MWZLMZ[PMI[SMLNWZ^WT-
]V\MMZ[?PM\PMZNZWUJ][PQLW_IZZQWZ\ZILQ\QWV
WJMLQMVKM\WI]\PWZQ\aWZ[PMMZXMMZXZM[[]ZM
M^MZaXQTW\I\5IVQTIRWQVMLPQ[;XMKQIT)\\IKS
Unit: the ;PQVX͌¹,Q^QVM?QVLº)UMZQKIV
\ZIV[TI\WZ[][ML\PM2IXIVM[MQLMWOZIU¼[IT\MZ-
VI\MXZWV]VKQI\QWV¹SIUQSIbMº_PQKPJMKIUM
[\IVLIZL][IOM1\_I[PWXML\PM]VQ\VIUML
NWZI\PKMV\]Za\aXPWWV\PI\PILLM[\ZWaMLI
5WVOWTQV^I[QWVÆMM\IVL[I^ML2IXIVKW]TLLW
the same to the U.S. Navy.
7V\PMUWZVQVOWN7K\WJMZ\PM)UMZQKIV
;M^MV\P.TMM\Wٺ4Ma\M/]TN_I[UWZMKWVKMZVML
_Q\P2IXIVM[MJI\\TM[PQX[IVLKZ]Q[MZ[Z]VVQVO
\PM;]ZQOIW;\ZIQ\\PIVINM_MVMUaIQZKZIN\JZI^-
QVO\PMQZIQZKW^MZ1V[\MILWN[MVLQVO]XIKWUJI\
IQZXI\ZWT\PMM[KWZ\KIZZQMZSantee_I[XZMXIZQVO PREVIOUS PAGES: NATIONAL ARCHIVES; ABOVE LEFT: U.S. NAVY; ABOVE RIGHT:ASAHI SHIMBUN
/GETTY IMAGES; OPPOSITE PHOTOS: NATIONAL ARCHIVES