Sky.and.Telescope_

MUPUS

60 square meters of Juno’s solar panels. Yet Rosetta’s

orbit took it so far away from the Sun (out to the orbit

of Jupiter), and the power to run such a large spacecraft

and suite of instruments is so demanding, that mission

planners knew even this solar array wouldn’t be able to

generate enough power to keep the craft awake. That’s

why Rosetta had to be put into hibernation for so long.

The lander, Philae, itself bristles with instruments

packed into a space the size of a washing machine, about

1 meter on a side. More than a half-dozen countries

have contributed to the lander and its instrument suite.

Although the lander mass is about 100 kg (220 pounds),

its eff ective weight on the comet will only be about the

weight of a sheet of paper on Earth. So the lander has

a combination of ice screws on its feet and harpoons

that will shoot out on contact to secure the lander to the

comet’s surface. The lander instruments will spend a

busy several days of lab work drilling into the surface, tak-

ing samples, testing the surface’s physical properties, and

analyzing nearby gases.

One instrument shares a spot on both the orbiter and

the lander: the Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by

Radiowave Transmission (CONSERT) instrument. When

the lander and orbiter are on opposite sides of the comet,

the orbiter’s CONSERT instrument will send radio signals

to its counterpart on the lander. By analyzing the returned

signal and how the radio waves are refl ected and scattered

back as they travel through the comet, scientists will be

able to study the interior of C-G’s nucleus.

A Long-term Relationship

One thing you learn working on Rosetta is patience, and

not just the patience of waiting for the post-hibernation

Engineers check the deployment of one of Rosetta’s wings. Each

wing is made up of fi ve hinged panels, and together the two

wings span 32 meters.

ESA / ANNEKE LE FLOC’H

Death-defying Comet Catch

24 August 2014 sky & telescope

MUPUS

Death-defying Comet Catch

24 August 20 14 sky & telescope

SD2

SD2

APXS

ROLIS

SESAME

MUPUS

CIVA

ROMAP

SESAME

SESAME

SESAME

CIVA

COSAC

Ptolemy

CONSERT

ESA / ATG MEDIALAB

Instruments on Philae Lander

Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)

Studies surface composition by detecting helium nuclei and X-rays

Comet Infrared and Visible Analyzer (CIVA)

Takes surface panoramas with six microcameras; spectrometer

studies the composition, texture, and albedo of surface samples

Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment

by Radiowave Transmission (CONSERT)

Probes the nucleus’s internal structure

Cometary Sampling and Composition experiment (COSAC)

Gas analyzer that identifi es complex organic molecules

Ptolemy

Gas analyzer that measures isotopic ratios of light elements

Multipurpose Sensors for Surface and Subsurface Science (MUPUS)

Measures the surface’s density and thermal and mechanical proper-

ties using sensors on the lander’s anchor, probe, and exterior

Rosetta Lander Imaging System (ROLIS)

CCD camera, will take high-resolution images during descent and

stereo panoramas of sample areas

Rosetta Lander Magnetometer and Plasma Monitor (ROMAP)

Magnetometer and plasma monitor for the local magnetic fi eld and

interaction of the comet and solar wind

Sample and Distribution Device (SD2)

Drills more than 20 cm into the surface, collects samples, and deliv-

ers them to ovens for microscope inspection

Surface Electrical, Seismic, and Acoustic Monitoring Experiments

(SESAME)

Three instruments; measure the surface’s electrical characteristics,

the way sound travels through it, and dust falling back to the surface