Testing Lecture Comprehension Through Listening-to-summarize Cloze Tasks

Table 6.9 Coding scheme for Phase 1-test-taking

Cognitive processes Definition Protocols

Decoding+selective

attention

Reading the task (RT)

Read the given information in the

exam paper; repeat words or phrases

...setting goals while reading, eh, no

no...setting goals. er.. While reading

Memorizing words

(MW)

Refer back to the short memory Here I heard he said“should reflect

repeatedly on what you are reading

or learning”

Reading notes (RN) Check notes as a reference for an

answer

Ok. Because I wrote down“set goal,

check understanding and explain

main point”...

Parsing the structure

(PS)

Analyze the structure of the lecture

with discourse cues; analyze

structures in the given task

(including punctuations)

Then blank numberfive. It should

belong to the category of gesture

I think it should be contrast between

active and passive learners. One is

taking notes and the other is chatting

or doing something else

Meaning+discourse

construction

Identifying key words

(IKW)

Explicitly mention the key words of

the lecture either because they are

emphasized or repeated

Because it (reflective) is repeated so

many times. It must be a key point

Building coherence

(BC)

Try to build semantic coherence

between words chosen from notes

and the given task information

This sentence means ways of

note-taking and I wrote down“in an

organized way”. The word in the

outline is“ways”, so I might have

missed some information here. But I

only wrote“organized”, and missed

other words

Inferring from notes

(IN)

Make inferences from notes and the

notes might not be complete

I wrote“un”beside it, but it’s not

complete again, I guess it means

uncertain

Inferring from the

task (IT)

Make inferences from the

information of the given task

But, when I read the description

about attitude in the outline, it

should be something related to

self-evaluation and performance to

improve oneself

Interpreting (I) Interpret vague or abstract parts from

the input

The new information does notfitin

the previous knowledge, then, so the

meaning should be inconsistent

Summarizing (S) Summarize the given details in the

exam paper or get a general idea of

the lecture

It should be a conclusive paragraph.

The general idea is that in terms of

learning, will is more important than

skill

Using schema

(background

knowledge) (US)

Infer the answer with the help of

schema, the background knowledge

I also integrate it with my

background information fromfilms

and so on, placing one’s hand upon

heart means to swear, to tell the truth

(continued)

84 6 Employing the Think-Alound Method...