Advances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament, 2nd edition

Progression of Osteoarthritis after Stifle Stabilization Surgery 309

Table 37.1Summary of studies reporting radiographic progression of osteoarthritis (OA) after surgical stabilization of
the stifle.

Number Surgical Time to follow-up OA progression from

Author(s) of dogs technique (mean) time of surgery

Elkinset al.

(1991)

15 Intra-articular

stabilization

2–96 months (26)∗ 100% of dogs with follow up

>6 months had OA

17 Extracapsular progression

stabilization

Vasseur & Berry

(1992)

21 Intra-articular

stabilization

1–46 months (14.8) 100% of dogs had OA

progression

Inneset al.

(2004)

45 Intra-articular

stabilization

7 months Significantly increased

osteophyte score

13 months Significantly increased

global OA score

Raywardet al.

(2004)

40 TPLO 6 months 40% of dogs had OA

progression

Lazaret al.

(2005)

44 TPLO ≥12 months OA significantly increased

22 Extracapsular with both techniques.

stabilization

Boydet al.

(2007)

29 TPLO ≥12 months 76% of dogs had OA

progression

Hurleyet al.

(2007)

295 TPLO 2 months OA significantly increased

Cooket al.

(2010)

23 TPLO 6 months OA progression not

significant but noted to

progress over time

24 Extracapsular

(TightRope)

Auet al. (2010) 16 TPLO 24 months OA significantly increased

14 Extracapsular for both techniques

stabilization

Morganet al.

(2010)

35 TTA 4–16 months (5.9) 55% of dogs had OA

progression

DeLukeet al.

(2012)

60 TPLO 12–36 months 100% of dogs had OA

progression

MacDonaldet al.

(2013)

24 TTA Each dog evaluated

at 0.5, 6, and 12

months

OA significantly increased at

all time points

Bergeret al.

(2015)

15 TPLO 14–43.3 months

(29.4)

Mild OA progression for

both techniques

15 Extracapsular (significance not reported)

stabilization

6.3–23.7 months

(15)

∗Each dog had between one and four follow-up time points.

TPLO, tibial plateau leveling osteotomy; TTA, tibial tuberosity advancement.

mechanics resulting from both the stabiliza-
tion method and potential meniscal removal or
release (Kimet al. 2009a; Kimet al. 2009b; Tonks
et al. 2010; Pozziet al.2010a; Pozziet al.2010b).
Meniscal release, meniscal tearing, and menis-
cectomy are known to result in the development

of OA in experimental dogs with intact cruci-

ate ligaments (Cox & Cordell 1977; Lutheret al.

2009). While these factors appear to be influen-

tial in the continued progression of OA, extrap-

olation of results from studies of contralateral

stable stifles with early disease suggest that