Popes and Jews, 1095-1291

272 Appendix

Robert Chazan’s seminal works—Medieval Jewry in Northern France: A Political and

Social History (Baltimore, London, 1973), Church, State and Jew in the Middle Ages, ed.

R. Chazan (new York, 1980), European Jewry and the First Crusade (Berkeley, London,

1987), Daggers of Faith: Thirteenth-Century Christian Missionizing and Jewish Response

(Berkeley, 1989), Barcelona and Beyond: the Disputation of 1263 and its Aftermath (Berkeley,

Oxford, 1992), In the Year 1096: the First Crusade and the Jews (philadelphia, 1996),

Medieval Stereotypes and Modern Anti-Semitism (Berkeley, London, 1997), God, Humanity

and History: the Hebrew First Crusade Narratives (Berkeley, 2000), and Fashioning Jewish

Identity in Medieval Western Christendom (Cambridge, 2004), The Jews of Medieval Western

Christendom, 1000–1500 (Cambridge, 2006), The Trial of the Talmud: Paris, 1240. Hebrew

Texts translated by John Friedman, Latin Texts translated by Jean Cornell Hoff; Historical Essay

by Robert Chazan (Toronto, 2013)—deal with a wide range of issues including the impact

of the First Crusade on Jewish communities and the effects of Christian missionizing and

disputations. Yet they do not seek to analyse in depth the particular relationship between

the papacy and Jewish communities.

There are also the seminal works of Jeremy Cohen. These include The Friars and the Jews:

the Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism (ithaca, 1982), Essential Papers on Judaism and

Christianity in Conflict: from Late Antiquity to the Reformation, ed. J. Cohen (new York,

London, 1991), From Witness to Witchcraft: Jews and Judaism in Medieval Christian Thought,

ed. J. Cohen (Wiesbaden, 1996), Living Letters of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval

Christianity (Berkeley, London, 1999), and Sanctifying the Name of God: Jewish Martyrs and

Jewish Memories of the First Crusade (philadelphia, 2004). Their primary concern is the impact

of the thirteenth-century mendicant movements on Jewish communities, intellectual

exchanges between Jews and Christians, and the fall-out for the Jews from the First Crusade.

Other important monographs deal with topics both specifically and more indirectly

related to my own. These include William Chester Jordan’s The French Mon archy and the Jews:

from Philip Augustus to the Last of the Capetians (philadelphia, 1989) on Capetian–Jewish

relations and the eventual expulsion of Jews from medieval France, and Mark Cohen’s

Under Crescent and Cross: the Jews in the Middle Ages (princeton, 1994), which explores the

experience of Jewish communities under Muslim as well as Christian rule. Miri Rubin’s

Gentile Tales: the Narrative Assault on Late Medieval Jews (new Haven, CT, London, 1999)

has been extremely useful on Christian charges of blood libel and host desecration and

nora Berend’s At the Gate of Christendom: Jews, Muslims and ‘Pagans’ in Medieval Hungary,

c.1000–c.1300 (Cambridge, 2001) has aided medieval comparisons between Jews and

Muslims. Gavin Langmuir’s Toward A Definition of Antisemitism (Berkeley, Oxford, 1990)

has helped clarify concepts of ‘anti-Judaism’ and ‘anti-semitism’.

i have also learnt much from peter Browe’s Die Judenmission in Mittelalter und die

Päpste (Rome,1942), Gilbert dahan’s Les Intellectuels chrétiens et les Juifs au moyen âge

(p aris, 1990), La Polémique chrétienne contre le Judaisme au moyen âge (paris, 1991),

Robert Chazan’s ‘The Hebrew Report of the Trial of the Talmud: information and

Consolation’, in Le Brulement du Talmud à Paris, 1242–1244, ed. G. dahan (paris,

1999), pp.79–93, Alfred Haverkamp’s Juden und Christen zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge,

Vorträge und Forschungen 47 , Konstanzer Arbeitskreis für mittelalterliche Geschichte

(Sigmaringen, 1999), Robin Mundill’s England’s Jewish Solution. Experiment and

Expulsion, 1262–1290 (Cambridge, 1998), Judah Galinsky’s ‘The different Hebrew

Versions of the “Talmud Trial” of 1240 in paris’, in New Perspectives on Jewish-Christian

Relations, ed. e. Carlebach and J. Schachter (Leiden, Boston, 2012), pp.109–40, René

Moulinas’s Les Juifs du Pape: Avignon et le Comtat Venaissin (paris, 1992), and Marie

Therese Champagne’s first-class ph.d. dissertation: The Relationship between the Papacy and