mendicants 1, 14, 22, 25, 72, 139, 171, 179,
196, 207, 216–18, 221, 224, 269, 272
merchants 68, 71, 149n91, 150n96, 159, 228, 238
Mercy 4, 75, 76, 98, 124, 205, 208, 220,
250, 256
Messiah 22, 30n15, 47, 52, 54, 58n177, 60–3,
75, 83, 231, 255, 260n83, 268
Messina 235
Michael (archangel) 62
Middle Ages 2–5, 8–16, 27–30, 37, 45, 51, 60,
63, 65, 66, 73, 86, 108, 135, 136, 153n112,
164, 178, 181, 194, 219, 226, 260, 262,
263, 268, 269
Milan 114, 226n5, 235n66
Milhemet Misvah of Meir ben Simeon of
Narbonne 46, 46nn97–8, 46–7n99
Milites Christi 124
millenarian fervour 60, 102
Milo, Jewish convert 209
minorities 180, 191n187
minority groups 67n5, 101, 108n31, 130,
141n41, 170n36, 217n82, 224, 257, 267
Mirabilia Urbis Romae of Canon Benedict/
Benedict Canonicus 227, 227n11
miracles 23, 82, 82n90, 85n106, 86n111, 88,
132, 193
missionaries 14, 53, 225
missionary sermons 69, 217, 219, 255
mockery 82, 193, 194
modernism xiv
modernists xiv
Mohammedans 108
Monastery of St Augustine of Canterbury 121,
137, 158
moneylenders xi, 12n55, 17, 17n80, 20, 45,
66, 116, 144, 146, 146n63, 147, 150–2,
159, 162, 163, 192, 241, 261
money-lending vii, xi, 17, 18, 37, 38, 38n48,
66, 68, 72, 93, 115, 117, 119–21, 123, 135,
136, 144–51, 145n56, 155–8, 160–3, 185,
190n183, 193, 266
Mongols 181
monks 82, 111, 114, 133, 160n161, 211, 233, 239
Monotheism 60n188
monotheistic faiths 51
Mont-Aimé 110n44, 122n110, 191n189
Montclus of Barcelona 134
Montélimar 130, 175
Monsignor Montini xix, xv, xvi
Montpellier 92, 93, 95, 130, 143, 179, 198
Moore, Robert 51n127, 52n128, 101,
102nn3–4, 224n126
Moors 127
Mordecai of Avignon 46
Morocco 123, 158
mortgages 144, 145n56, 192, 193
Mosaic Law 48, 60, 187
Moses 52, 55, 56n165, 61n193, 62, 127, 170,
197, 206, 234, 235nn65, 68–72, 236nn73–80,
237nn81–3, 238nn97–8, 242n128
Moses of Huesca 194
Moses of Salerno 46
Mosque 258
Mount Sinai 234
Mozabaric rite 198
Munich 70
Muret 129
Muslim converts 14n62, 132, 182, 214n62
Muslim enemy 108, 258
Muslim neighbours 258
Muslim slaves 139, 213
Muslims 4–5, 11, 16n75, 17, 18, 20, 67, 68,
75, 76, 80, 93, 101, 103, 106, 108, 109,
111, 119, 121, 123–5, 127, 128, 134, 139,
140, 168, 171, 177, 178, 180–6, 190, 194,
210–14, 218, 228, 256–9, 267
Mussolini xiv–xviiiNachmanides 46, 61, 61n193, 62, 62n194,
63n201, 195–200, 198, 207, 213, 214
Name of God 35, 36, 44, 98, 99n194, 152, 272
Naples 180, 208
Narbonne 46, 46n98, 69n21, 131, 134, 143,
143n49, 171
Nathan ben Yehiel 227
Nathan Official (the elder) 46, 50
Natural Law 200
Navarre 80, 121, 139, 158, 171, 196, 197,
232, 249, 250
Nazis xiii, xvii, xviii
Nazism xv
Near East 7, 13, 17, 18, 68, 98, 101, 101n2, 102,
108, 110, 114, 119, 121–3, 129n151, 132,
143, 145, 150–2, 156, 157, 180, 224, 249, 271
necromancy 155
negotium fidei 106
negotium Jhesu Christi 101
Nero (Roman emperor) 58
Netherlands 133
Neuilly 119, 149
Nevers 6, 7, 12, 14, 20, 25, 27, 32, 46, 70, 73,
77, 78, 80, 82, 84, 101, 107, 132, 133, 145,
148, 151, 159, 160, 184, 193, 201, 207, 211,
224, 227, 228n17, 230, 248, 251, 256, 268
New Covenant 7, 73, 233
New Temple 234
New Testament 6n25, 8n36, 11, 21, 22, 53–5,
57, 58, 62, 83, 86, 142, 197, 199, 206, 249,
255, 262
Newcastle 68
Nice 171
Nicholas Donin 22, 48, 50, 195, 196, 198,
203, 204
Nicholas I, pope 10, 247n8, 275
Nicholas II, pope 105, 275
Nicholas III, pope 13n58, 17n76, 25, 61, 69,
69n25, 81, 81n86, 110, 140, 140n31, 159,
159n159, 160n160, 174, 174n59, 177,
177n79, 212, 212n54, 218, 219, 219n90,
255, 276Index 315