National Geographic History - 07.2019 - 07.2019

78 JULY/AUGUST 2019 experiences represent those of more than 12.5 million other captives, who were taken from Af- rica to be sol ...

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 79 converted to Catholicism. After his death, his son and heir, King Nzinga Mbemba, took the name Ki ...

80 JULY/AUGUST 2019 groups into themselves. The vast ethnic, lin- guistic, and religious diversity in these king- doms allowed f ...

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 81 Dangerous Passage In the spring of 1619, the Portuguese-Imbangala campaign was in full force, cap ...

82 JULY/AUGUST 2019 tista found themselves in an unexpected turn of events. In late July or early August 1619, just weeks before ...

soil of a new continent. As they stood together as the first Africans in British North America, no one recorded their reactions ...

T HE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE brought the first Africans to Virginia in 1619, but their final destination was supposed to be in ...

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86 JULY/AUGUST 2019 different from that of the colonists. This dis- tinction marks the beginnings of a racial caste, formalized ...

THE JOURNEY FROM the west coast of Africa to the European colonies in the Americas, known as the “Middle Passage,” was a hellish ...

88 JULY/AUGUST 2019 It is through the markings carved into pipes and other material objects, mostly found through archaeological ...

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 89 developed in the colonies. In African kingdoms, slavery was not permanent nor was it inher- ited. ...

DISCOVERIES I t isn’t often that en- tire cities vanish, but the Roman outpost of Tham ugadi did. Found- ed by the emperor Tra- ...

the Aurès mountains. “It has been a small town, but full of elegant buildings,” Bruce wrote in his diaries. He was confident tha ...

DISCOVERIES THAMUGADI’S THEATER was built in the second century A.D. Photographed here in 1893, a decade after excavation began, ...

Legal Tender 99.9% Silver-Plated Dollar Celebrates the Moon Landing HONOR MANKIND’S GREATEST ACHIEVEMENT THE APOLLO 11 50TH ANNI ...

DISCOVERIES and maintained a presence there until 1960. During this period, the site was systematically excavat- ed. Having been ...

Th e Unimaginable, Accomplished APOLLO11 5 ANNIVERSARY th T hroughout the ages, men and women have gazed at the Moon in wonder. ...

EMPEROR NERO considered abandoning Rome’s new colony of Britannia thanks to Boudica, a Celtic queen and leader of a massive Brit ...

For over 25 years, The Great Courses has brought the world’s foremost educators to millions who want to go deeper into the subje ...