Scientific American - 11.2019

58 Scientific American, November 2019 1 4 7 2 5 8 © 2019 Scientific American ...

November 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 59 Winged Victory The discovery of a strange chromosome in songbirds might explain their a ...

60 Scientific American, November 2019 Birds got their start more than 150 million years ago, evolving from meat-eating dinosaurs ...

November 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 61 bird evolution. “The avian genome in general is very compact and conserved compared wit ...

62 Scientific American, November 2019 IN THE PIPELINE Cocooned in stainless steel and surrounded by water- logged rock, one of t ...

ENRICO SACCHETTI November 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 63 ASTROPHYSICS The first major gravitational- wave observatory to be bui ...

64 Scientific American, November 2019 Lee Billings is a senior editor for space and physics at Scientific American. IN BRIEF Stu ...

the total distance a beam of light travels). Such pertur- bations are inconceivably tiny, far smaller than the diameter of a sin ...

66 Scientific American, November 2019 © 2019 Scientific American © 2019 Scientific American ...

TIGHT BEAM To ensure that KAGRA’s lasers can accurately register the almost imperceptible distortions of its mirrors caused by g ...

68 Scientific American, November 2019 © 2019 Scientific American ...

November 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 69 MORE TO EXPLORE The Detection of Gravitational Waves with LIGO. Barry C. Barish. Paper ...

70 Scientific American, November 2019 © 2019 Scientific American © 2019 Scientific American ...

November 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 71 TH CASINO Illustrations by Hanna Barczyk ECONOMICS INESC PABLE A novel approach develop ...

72 Scientific American, November 2019 W ealth inequality is escalating at an alarming rate not only within the U.S. but also in ...

Illustration by Brown Bird Design November 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 73 fair exchanges between equal actors. In 2002 Anirban ...

74 Scientific American, November 2019 more transactions will be required before we can see the ultimate result, which will remai ...

November 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 75 rate χ per unit time) and a complementary subsidy for the poor. In effect, it transfers ...

76 Scientific American, November 2019 phenomenon of partial oligarchy. Whenever the influ- ence of wealth-attained advantage exc ...

November 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 77 SOURCE: BRUCE M. BOGHOSIAN; EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK ( country data ) TRICKLE UP We find i ...