238 • The deaTh of azTec TenochTiTLan, The Life of mexico ciTy
of, 220–221n38. See also Santa María
Cuepopan
Cuitlahua (Mexica emperor) (r. 1520): in Codex
Aubin, 8, 8 , 81; metro station named after,
20; in Plano Parcial de la Ciudad de México,
7 7, 79
Culhuacan, 20, 32
Culoa Tlapisque, 219n35
Darnton, Robert, 169
de la Cruz, Martín, 190
de la Cruz, Pedro de, 175
de las Navas, Francisco, 202
de los Angeles, Tómas Gabriel, 206
Derrida, Jacques, 151, 222n32
Díaz del Castillo, Bernal, 35, 53, 72, 80, 217n36
Díaz Ordaz, Gustavo, 18
Dibble, Charles E., 217n42
Dionosio, Pedro, 159, 175
disease, effect of epidemic diseases on indigenous
population, 20, 75, 80, 94, 157, 167, 203, 207
Dominicans, 113, 177, 178, 197
Durán, Diego: account of foundation
of Tenochtitlan, 214n22; on aquatic
infrastructure, 37, 38, 61, 64–66, 69, 216n52;
on coronation of Ahuitzotl, 59; dedication
of the Acuecuexco aqueduct, 65, 65 , 68;
descriptions of Moteuczoma II, 53; on
mitotes, 183, 224n77; Moteuczoma I’s portrait
being carved on Chapultepec hill, 62, 62 ; on
Nezahualcoyotl’s gifts, 106, 159; on teixiptla
of Chalchiuhtlicue, 66, 68; on Tlillan shrine,
216n25; on water supply, 64–65
Dürer, Albrecht, 106
Ecatepec, 102, 118
elites, indigenous: agency of, 15; alliances
of, 160; captivity during wars of Spanish
Conquest, 76; clans of, 110; clothing of, 93,
184–185, 190, 218n56; and Cortés’s Honduras
campaign, 116, 126; education of, 178, 190–191;
and feasting culture, 160, 170, 184, 185, 186,
189, 208; in feast of San Hipólito, 96; and
feathered costumes, 183; Franciscan alliances
with indigenous governors, 99, 108–109, 113,
116; genealogy of the indigenous rulers of
Mexico-Tenochtitlan, 83, 84 , 99, 156, 191; and
idolatry campaign, 107; of indigenous cabildo,
99, 102, 157, 164, 168, 169; and indigenous
government of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, 15, 18,
73, 77, 82–84, 86, 98, 99, 100–102, 108–113,
193, 210; and indigenous knowledge of dike
system, 199; and indigenous labor, 157, 166,
168, 222n41; legitimacy of rulers, 83–84,
111–112, 113; Mexico City rebuilt by, 24; and
overseeing of markets, 81; place-names used
by, 135; post-Conquest support of, 81, 82; pre-
Hispanic practices continuing, 126; properties
in Humboldt Fragment II, 81, 82 , 83; and
representations of space, 98; and school of
San José de los Naturales, 18, 118–119; “su
comarca” as boundary marker for, 135; textiles
purchased by, 93; tributary land of, 77, 81, 157.
See also Mexica rulers
Enlightenment, 11
Enríquez de Almanza, Martín (r. 1568–1580),
187, 190, 191, 198, 202, 203, 207
Espinosa, Luis, Plano de la Ciudad de México,
88, 88 , 89, 109
Esposa Salada, Juan de, 97
feathers and featherwork: and battle dress,
55; and Christian iconography, 106; and
Coyotlinahual, 156; and feathered clothing,
107, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 224n77; feather
headdress, 20, 21 , 53; and feather painting, 103,
105; Florentine Codex on, 105–106, 183, 184,
219n24, 219n27, 224n63; and gifting, 105–107,
113; and The Mass of Saint Gregory, 103–107,
103 , 108, 114, 171, 173, 210; and Moteuczoma’s
aviary, 105–106; and processions, 171, 173; and
representation of Mexico City, 24; Salvator
Mundi, feather mosaic, 171, 172 , 173; spatial
connotations of, 105, 107; and spatial expanse
of tribute empire, 20–21, 105; as specialized
trade, 52; as tribute goods, 20–21, 55, 60, 71;
visual systems registered in, 106
festival calendar: in Codex Borbonicus, 43–44,
44 , 65, 66, 67; of Mexica, 42, 59, 64, 125–126,
170, 177; and processions, 177
Florentine Codex: on altepetl, 31; Birth of
Huitzilopochtli, 29, 30 , 48, 49, 51, 61; on
Chalchiuhtlicue, 43–44; on Coatlicue,
29; dances of the merchants in honor of
Huitzilopochtli, 182, 182 ; on feather paintings
and feather workshops, 105–106, 183, 184,
219n24, 219n27, 224n63; and flowers, 224n75;
on indigenous artists, 155–156; and Mexica
rulers as deity delegates, 56–57; on mitotes,
183; on Moteuczoma II, 53; as pictographic-
alphabetic manuscript, 13; prayer recorded in,
57, 61; on quetzal bird feathers, 55; on Templo
Mayor, 50, 51; on Tianguis of Mexico, 80; on
Tlaloc, 42; use of pigments, 40; on water, 44
Flores Hernández, María, 38, 39, 215n41
flowers: in dances of the merchants in honor of
Huitzilopochtli, 182, 182 ; and mitotes, 183, 184;
and processions, 171, 177
Foucalt, Michel, 11
Francis, Saint, 122
Franciscans: alliances with indigenous
governors, 99, 108–109, 113, 116, 178–179, 189,
190, 207; and aquatic infrastructure, 202; and
building of indigenous churches, 124–125,
220n37; and Christian conversion and
evangelization, 24, 102–103, 106, 113, 114, 116,
118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 175, 180, 211; and erasure
of indigenous Tenochtitlan, 24, 211; and
indigenous labor, 15; millennial views of, 126;
and mitotes, 183; mnemonic techniques of, 116,119, 120–121, 211; Nahuatl knowledge of, 126;
and north-south axis between monasteries,
127; occupation of sacred nodes, 102, 116,
220n36; patron saints of, 126; in Plaza Mayor,
113, 116, 220n57; political strategy of, 113; and
processions, 177, 178, 179–180; projects of, 24,
105, 108, 113, 116, 122, 123; and Real Audiencia,
83; and representation of space of New Spain,
96; Rome as model for Mexico-Tenochtitlan,
24, 113, 114, 116, 122–125; and Tianguis of
Mexico, 226n74; Tlatelolco monastery of, 40;
and tribute system reform, 188; utopian vision
of, 116–119
Gante, Pedro de: and Christian conversion,
116, 118–119; Doctrina christiana en lengua
mexicana, 118; and The Mass of Saint Gregory,
104, 105, 107, 113, 119; and memory of Rome,
123; and Nahuatl language, 118, 119; pedagogy
of, 119, 120–121, 120 ; as resident of Monastery
of San Francisco, 105, 113, 118, 122, 177, 220n14;
and San José de los Naturales, 123, 125, 165;
and sellers of Tianguis de Mexico, 86; and
Spanish language, 119
García Bravo, Alonso, 72, 206
García Icazbalceta, Joaquín, 217n36
Gell, Alfred, 60, 66, 106–107
Genaro García 30: and legal disputes, 158–160,
163, 165, 179, 200; as pictographic-alphabetic
manuscript, 13; place-names recorded on, 149,
151–156; textile tribute in, 158 , 159; tribute
from painters, 154–155, 155 , 160; tribute
from San Juan Moyotlan, 149, 150 , 153, 165;
tribute from San Juan Moyotlan and San
Pablo Teopan, 153, 153 , 165; tribute from
Santa María Cuepopan, 151–152, 152 , 156, 165;
tribute from sculptors, 154–155, 154 , 160
Geronimo (son of Juan Velázquez Tlacotzin),
217n23
Gibson, Charles, 15, 39, 178, 205, 218n58, 224n46
gifting, asymmetrical gifting of Mexica rulers, 59,
106–107, 113, 159, 160, 184
Glapión, Juan, 118
Gómez de Cervantes, Gonzalo, 207
González Aparicio, Luis, 15, 35
González González, Carlos, 58
González Obregón, Luis, 216n35
Grado, Alonso de, 217n35
Gregory I (pope), 104, 106, 107, 113, 119, 123, 125
Guatemala, 20, 37, 55
guilds, 169
Guilliem Arroyo, Salvador, 205
Guzmán, Esteban de (r. 1554–1557): in Beinecke
Map, 101 , 102, 163–164; in Codex Osuna,
162 , 163–167; as juez-gobernador, 77, 149, 160,
163–167, 180, 185, 200, 210; in Plano Parcial
de la Ciudad de México, 77, 79 , 163, 222n57;
reforms of, 222n59; residencia of, 149, 156, 160,
222n30; and tecpan of Mexico-Tenochtitlan,
109 , 111, 163–164, 165; and tithes, 164, 222n63