242 • The deaTh of azTec TenochTiTLan, The Life of mexico ciTy
descendants of, 107; and gifting, 106, 159;
portrait in battle dress, 55, 56 , 107; on ruler as
great tree, 71
Nezahualcoyotl dike, 17 , 38–41, 41 , 75, 196, 199,
200, 215n41
Nezahualpilli: descendants of, 107; portrait of,
56, 56 , 62, 83, 107
Nezahualtecolotzin, Martín Cortés, 102
Noche Triste ( June 30, 1520), 75, 95, 97, 176
Nuestra Señora de Regina Coeli, 88
Nueva Galicia, 83
Oath of Allegiance of 1557, 180–185, 181 , 199,
224n62
Ocelopan, 131
Ocelotl, Martín, 219n35
Ochpanitztli, feast of, 68
O’Gorman, Edmundo, 17
O’Hara, Matthew D., 224n48
Olid, Cristóbal de, 72, 82
Olko, Justyna, 183
Olvera Ramos, Jorge, 217–218n45
Ometochtzin, Carlos, 107, 225n15
Otomí language, 119, 179, 221n2
Ovid, 3, 212
Oztoma, place-name of, 49, 49
Pahuacan, 64
Palace of Moteuczoma in the Codex Mendoza,
111–112, 112 , 164, 165
Palacio Nacional, and Tecocalli of Sacred
Warfare, 69–70, 216n70
Palerm, Ángel, 15, 35
Pantecatl, Lázaro, 139, 139 , 140
Pantitlan: and Mexico City metro system, 23,
212; as site in middle of salt lake, 23
pariáns, commodities of, 86
Paris, France, sixteenth-century population of, 1
Paul, Saint, 125, 152, 160, 168
Paul III (pope), 104, 106
Pedregal, 35
PEMEX (national petroleum industry), 20
Peralta, Gastón de (r. 1566–1568), 191, 198
Pérez-Rocha, Emma, 15
performances: hybrid performance culture of
Mexico City, 185; and Mexica rulers, 52–53, 71.
See also mitotes (ritual dances); processions
Peter, Saint, 122, 125, 160, 168
Phelan, John Leddy, 122
Philip II (king of Spain, r. 1557–1598), 94, 118,
163, 180–182, 182
pictography: alphabetic writing added to,
152–153; and Codex Mendoza, 3, 4, 5, 13,
151; in Codex Osuna, 162 , 163; in Map of the
properties of Lázaro Pantecatl and Ana Tepi,
138, 139–140, 139 , 140 , 151; and representations
of space, 13, 42; tlaxilacalli place-names, 140,
141–149, 149, 151–156
Piedad causeway, 86, 127, 221n51
pigments, 40–41, 80
pilgrimages, 28
Pimentel, Hernando de, 175, 182
Pizzigoni, Caterina, 215–216n18
place-names: and built environment, 97,
218n74; and Caso’s Map of Tenochtitlan and
Tlatelolco, 17, 136–137, 136 , 138, 221n17; changes
in Mexico City nomenclature, 131–133, 132–
133 ; in Codex Mendoza, 49–50, 49 , 131; and
the earth deity, Tlaltecuhtli, 49, 49 ; historical
context of, 130, 212; and indigenous historical
narratives, 97, 128; Map of the properties of
Lázaro Pantecatl and Ana Tepi, 138, 139–140,
139 , 151; of Mexico City, 14, 24, 73, 75, 86,
96–97, 128, 130, 131–133; and mythic history,
49–50; Nahuatl place-names, 73, 97, 130, 136,
137, 138–140, 149, 151–156; political concerns
related to, 130; and proper nouns, 140, 149,
151–156; and representations of space, 49;
and Rome as model for Mexico-Tenochtitlan,
125; and shifting referents, 130–133, 135; of
tlaxilacalli, 140, 141–149, 149, 151–156, 167; and
writing systems, 138–140, 152–153
Plano de la Ciudad de México, 88, 88 , 89, 109
Plano Parcial de la Ciudad de México, 77, 78 , 79 ,
163, 196
Plaza Mayor, Mexico City: architecture of,
209–210; autos-da-fé of the Inquisition,
107; Cathedral of Mexico on, 76, 108, 117,
173; and Chapultepec aqueduct, 191; and
festivals of Spanish residents, 95–96, 112;
Franciscans in, 113, 116, 220n57; jurisdiction
of Spanish cabildo, 206; and Map of Mexico
City’s metro, 18, 19 ; Map of the Plaza Mayor,
76, 76 , 77, 93, 113, 210; and mitotes, 185; and
Oath of Allegiance of 1557, 180, 181, 182;
Parián, 2, 86, 217–218n45; place-name of, 97;
post-Conquest monumental architecture
of, 73, 77; and processions, 177; royal palace
in, 76, 77; and ruins of Templo Mayor, 113;
Spanish construction of houses close to, 94;
and Spanish traza or grid plan, 73, 73 , 77, 93,
94; temples of, 76, 97; and Teocalli of Sacred
Warfare, 69; Tianguis of Mexico compared
to, 88
Plaza San Lucas, 69
Poctepec, place-name of, 49, 49
Popocatepetl, 25
population, indigenous: effect of epidemic
diseases on, 20, 75, 80, 94, 157, 167, 203, 207; of
Mexico City, 76, 77, 80, 99, 211
“Portales de Tejada,” 88, 88 , 89, 97, 157, 206
Portrait of Moteuczoma II in Chapultepec, 70,
70 , 71
processions: and axes, 24, 58–59, 94, 95–96, 98,
169–171, 173–180, 189; of Catholic Church
festivals, 94, 95–96, 169; and collective
identity, 169, 174, 177, 223n25; of indigenous
rulers, 169; lawsuits concerning, 169; and
lived spaces, 24, 58–59, 60, 174–175, 177,
208; Map showing processional routes,175–177, 176 ; of Mexica rulers, 21, 24, 58, 59,
94, 95; and Mexico City, 94–96, 169–171,
173, 175–178, 176 ; and Oath of Allegiance of
1557, 180–182; and riot, 178–180; and Salvator
Mundi, feather mosaic, 171, 172 , 173; and social
cohesion, 173–175; and Spanish civic rituals,
14, 94–96, 98, 168, 218n69; and stepped
façades of pyramids, 58; and weddings,
187–189
Puebla, Mexico, 9
Puga, Vasco de, 189, 225n96
pyramids: of Cholula, 25–26; Coatepec as,
26, 29, 30, 51; plazas surrounding temple-
pyramids, 125; Spanish destruction of
topmost shrines, 72, 211; stepped façades of,
58; streams evoked in, 51; and Tlacotzin, 81quetzal bird: feathers of, 20, 21, 53, 55, 71, 171, 173,
182; quetzalpatzactli, 182, 224n63
Quetzalcoatl (deity), 45, 68, 69, 125, 216n67
Quetzalmoyahuatzin, 140
Quiáhuac, Los Reyes, 216n49
Quinoñes Keber, Eloise, 216n67
Quiroga, Vasco de, 122, 198, 218–219n2Ramírez de Fuenleal, Sebastián, 83, 86, 101, 196
Real Audiencia (royal court): and civic
processions, 218n70; and freshwater supply,
197; and governance of New Spain, 83, 101,
105; housed in casas viejas, 112; Huanitzin
as advisor to, 100, 103, 218–219n2; and
indigenous gobernadores, 109, 163, 166;
Mendoza as president of, 101; and mitotes, 186;
and New Spain, 104; place-names used by,
131; Hernando de Tapia as interpreter for, 110,
126, 223n43; and Tianguis of Mexico, 84, 86,
93, 217n42; and tribute system reform, 189
representations of space: continuities of Mexico-
Tenochtitlan and Mexico City, 13, 18, 210, 212;
diachronic nature of, 14; and Franciscans,
125; and indigenous elites, 98; and indigenous
presence, 15, 211; and intersection of spatial
spheres, 59; Lefebvre on, 11–12, 13, 28, 29,
213n22; and lived spaces, 18, 27, 29, 31, 41, 60,
211; and Map of Santa Cruz, 42; and Map
of the Mexico City metro, 18, 19 , 20; and
The Mass of Saint Gregory featherwork, 105,
107; and memory, 121; and Mexica rulers, 60;
and place-names, 49, 96; referent of, 13–14;
in sculpture, 52; and Spanish civic festivals,
96; and Tenochtitlan, 24, 27, 33, 39–40, 41,
45, 211; and Tianguis of Mexico, 206–207;
and Valadés’s Rhetorica christiana, 114, 115 ;
visibility of, 13; and water of Tenochtitlan, 27,
28, 32–35, 214n22; and worldview, 28–29
Reyes García, Luis, 137, 175, 216n18
Rhetorica ad Herennium, 120
Ribadeneyra, Hernando de, 97
Ricard, Robert, 180
rituals: and Acuecuexco aqueduct, 64, 65, 66, 68;