- FROM ENERGY POVERTY TO ENERGY EXTREMISM179
Soviet Union, and the Arab- Israeli Conflict, 1969– 1973 (New Haven, CT: Yale Univer-
sity Press, 2012), 285.
- Arab oil production totaled 20.8m b/d in October 1973 and 15.8m b/d in December,
the most severe point in the embargo. Yergin, The Prize, 614.
- Yergin, The Prize, 590– 94.
- US Energy Information Administration, “Imported Crude Oil Prices, Monthly,”
S h o r t - T e r m E n e r g y O u t l o o k , A u g u s t 8 , 2 0 1 7 , h t t p s : / / w w w. e i a. g o v / o u t l o o k s / s t e o / r e a l
prices /.
- Yergin, The Prize, 647.
- Telegram from the Embassy in Saudi Arabia to the Department of State, Jidda, May 21,
1970.
- In 1988, the Saudi national oil company finally assumed the name it still holds: Saudi
Aramco. Even then, Saudi Aramco retained many of the Western engineers and fam-
ilies in its compound in Dhahran. “Saudi Aramco by the Numbers,” Aramco World
59, no. 3 (May/June 2008): 2– 5, http: //archive .aramcoworld .com /issue /200803 /75
.years .saudi .aramco .by.the.numbers.htm.
- IOC access to global reserves has continued to dwindle relative to that controlled by
NOCs and other state- controlled entities. By 2005, IOCs had full access to just 7 per-
cent of global reserves. PFC Energy, “Constrained Worldwide Oil & Gas Reserve
Access,” 2007, slide illustration, reprinted in Sajjad Jasimuddin and A. Maniruzza-
man, “Resource Nationalism Specter Hovers Over the Oil Industry: The Trans-
national Corporate Strategy to Tackle Resource Nationalism Risks,” Journal of
Applied Business Research 32, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 387– 400, https: //doi .org /10 .19030
/ j a b r. v 3 2 i 2. 9 5 8 4.
- Exxon Public Affairs Department, “Exxon Background Series: Middle East Oil,” 1976,
h t t p s : / / w w w. g p o. g o v / f d s y s / p k g / C Z I C - h d 9 5 7 6 - n 3 6 - e 8 - 1 9 7 6 / h t m l / C Z I C - h d 9 5 7 6
- n36 - e8 - 1976 .htm. See “Table 4: Cost and Profitability of Middle East Oil.”
- Exxon Public Affairs Department, “Exxon Background Series: Middle East Oil.” Not
all of the increase was attributable to higher prices. Higher output was also a factor.
- Arthur Ross, “OPEC’s Challenge to the West,” Wa shing ton Q u ar te rly 3, no. 1
(1980): 50.
- Ross, “OPEC’s Challenge to the West,” 50.
- Seymour M. Lipset, “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development
and Political Legitimacy,” American Political Science Review 53, no. 1 (1959): 69– 105;
Karl Deutsch, “Social Mobilization and Political Development,” American Political
Science Review 55, no. 3 (September 1961): 493– 514; Samuel P. Huntington, Political
Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968).
4. FROM ENERGY POVERTY TO ENERGY EXTREMISM
- Chris Kutschera, “Oman: The Death of the Last Feudal Arab State,” Wa shing ton Post,
D e c e m b e r 2 7 , 1 9 7 0 , h t t p : / / w w w. c h r i s - k u t s c h e r a. c o m / A / O m a n % 2 0 1 9 7 0. h t m.
