Jim_Krane]_Energy_Kingdoms__Oil_and_Political_Sur
- SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA191
- Nahlah Ayed, “Why Saudi Arabia Is the World’s Top YouTube Nation,” CBC News,
A p r i l 1 , 2 0 1 3 , h t t p : / / w w w. c b c. c a / n e w s / w o r l d / n a h l a h - a y e d - w h y - s a u d i - a r a b i a - i s - t h e
- w o r l d - s - t o p - y o u t u b e - n a t i o n - 1. 1 3 5 9 1 8 7.
- See, for example, Simon Henderson, “Saudi King in Hospital: Succession Crisis
Looms,” Washington Institute Policy Alert, December 31, 2014; as well as his pre-
vious works “After King Fahd: Succession in Saudi Arabia,” 1995, http: //www
. w a s h i n g t o n i n s t i t u t e. o r g / p o l i c y - a n a l y s i s / v i e w / a ft e r - k i n g - f a h d - s u c c e s s i o n - i n - s a u d i
- arabia - 2nd - ed; and “After King Abdullah: Succession in Saudi Arabia,” 2009, http: //
w w w. w a s h i n g t o n i n s t i t u t e. o r g / p o l i c y - a n a l y s i s / v i e w / a ft e r - k i n g - a b d u l l a h - s u c c e s s i o n
- in - saudi - arabia. Also see Patrick Clawson and Simon Henderson, “Reducing Vulner-
ability to Middle East Energy Shocks,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy: Pol-
icy Focus 49 (2005); and scenarios in Amy Myers Jaffe and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, “The
Geopolitics of Natural Gas,” July 2012, http: //bakerinstitute .org /media /files /Research
/ d 1 1 a d d 8 e / E F - p u b - H K S G e o p o l i t i c s O f N a t u r a l G a s - 0 7 3 0 1 2. p d f.
- Freedom House reduced the kingdom’s score by 3 points in 2018.
- Samia Nakhoul and Nick Tattersall, “Saudi Source Gives More Detail on Crown
Prince’s Dismissal,” Reuters, July 21, 2017, https: //www .reuters .com /article /us - saudi
- p a l a c e - m b n / s a u d i - s o u r c e - g i v e s - m o r e - d e t a i l - o n - c r o w n - p r i n c e s - d i s m i s s a l - i d U S K B N
1A62FF.
- Abdul Ghafour, “KSA Power Consumption 3 Times World Average.”
- Abdul Ghafour, “KSA Power Consumption 3 Times World Average.”
- Mishal Al- Otaibi, “New Water and Electricity Tariff to Rationalize Consumption:
Minister,” Saudi Gazette, D e c e m b e r 2 9 , 2 0 1 5 , h t t p : / / s a u d i g a z e t t e. c o m. s a / s a u d i - a r a b i a
/ n e w - w a t e r - a n d - e l e c t r i c i t y - t a r i ff - t o - r a t i o n a l i z e - c o n s u m p t i o n - m i n i s t e r ; C a n a d a
water figure from Statistics Canada, “Land and Freshwater Area, by Province and
T e r r i t o r y , ” 2 0 0 5 , h t t p : / / w w w. s t a t c a n. g c. c a / t a b l e s - t a b l e a u x / s u m - s o m / l 0 1 / c s t 0 1 / p h y s 0 1
- Thomas L. Friedman, “Letter from Saudi Arabia,” New York Times, November 25,
2015; “Transcript: Interview with Muhammad Bin Salman,” Economist, January 6,
2 0 1 6 , h t t p : / / w w w. e c o n o m i s t. c o m / s a u d i _ i n t e r v i e w.
- Ibrahim al- Hatlani, “Gas Price Hike, Subsidy Cuts Shake up Saudis,” Al- Monitor, Jan-
u a r y 2 5 , 2 0 1 6 , h t t p s : / / w w w. a l - m o n i t o r. c o m / p u l s e / o r i g i n a l s / 2 0 1 6 / 0 1 / s a u d i - a r a b i a - o i l
- h i k e - c u t - s u b s i d i e s - t a x e s. h t m l.
- Simeon Kerr, “Riyadh Speeds Reforms Alongside Energy Price Rises,” Financial
Times, D e c e m b e r 2 2 , 2 0 1 6 , h t t p s : / / w w w. ft. c o m / c o n t e n t / a c e 7 b 4 9 0 - c 8 6 b - 1 1 e 6 - 9 0 4 3
- Prices increased from 12 halala (US$0.03) to 16 halala (US$0.04) per kWh for com-
mercial users and to 18 halala ($0.05) per kWh for industrial users.
- The first two tiers, covering up to 4,000 kWh per month, are untouched at 5 halala
($0.01) per kWh for below 2,000 kWhs and at 10 halala ($0.03) per kWh between 2,000
and 4,000 kWhs. But for consumption above 4,000 kWh, even residential customers
have to pay more, with rates rising from 12 halala ($0.03) to 20 halala ($0.05) per kWh.
