Jim_Krane]_Energy_Kingdoms__Oil_and_Political_Sur

INDEX205

slave trade, 23
Smith, James (US ambassador to Saudi
Arabia), 167
social contract, 61, 76, 87, 90, 110– 111, 135,
148, 155– 157, 165, 172
solar energy, 5, 66, 94
Somalia, 137
Soviet Union, 38, 163
Spain, 8
spare capacity, 15
Standard Oil of California (Socal, Chevron),
30– 33, 36, 39, 166; Caltex, 32, 34
Standard Oil of New Jersey. See Exxon
Standard Oil of New York (Mobil), 36
Steinecke, Max, 32
Strait of Hormuz, 2, 18, 78
subsidies, energy, 2, 4, 6, 57– 59, 62, 67,
75– 78, 83– 84, 86– 87, 90– 93, 96, 98– 99;
effects of, 93– 115; political rights and, 86;
use as political tool, 96, 115, 133, 140,
146– 156
subsidy reform, energy, 88, 94, 97, 110– 112,
115, 139– 140, 149– 154, 156– 157, 159,
172; in Bahrain, 146; in Dubai, 105– 109;
effects of, 94, 97, 107– 108, 125, 133, 149;
in Indonesia, 96; in Iran, 99– 103; in
Jordan, 96, 117, 133; in Kuwait, 140– 142;
in Malaysia, 97; in Mexico, 97; in Nigeria,
97; in Oman, 143– 145; in Qatar, 142– 143;
rationale for, 108, 119, 140; in Saudi
Arabia, 116– 135; in UAE, 147– 148;
in Venezuela, 96; in Yemen, 96– 97,
112, 117
Suez Canal, 14
Sunni Islam, 13– 14, 20– 21, 24, 136
Supreme Council for Saudi Aramco, 122
Supreme Court, US, 30
Sweden, 29, 71
swing producer, 15

Tanzania, 21
Tariki, Abdullah (petroleum minister of
Saudi Arabia), 36

Texaco, 32, 36; Caltex, 32, 34. See also

Standard Oil of California

Thani, al- (ruling family of Qatar), 20, 24

Thani, Hamad bin Khalifa al- (ruling sheikh

of Qatar), 20, 151

Thani, Tamim bin Hamad al- (ruling sheikh

of Qatar), 151

Thesiger, Wilfred, 28– 29, 34

Tigris River, 7

Toyota, 5, 57, 66– 67, 169

Trucial Coast, 19, 26

Tunisia, 105, 107, 112, 137– 138, 154– 155,

163

Turkey, 69, 99, 117. See also Ottoman

Empire

Umm al- Quwain (UAE), 17

unconventional oil and gas, 91, 143

United Arab Emirates (UAE), 1, 12, 17– 20,

35, 45, 68– 74, 77, 84, 93– 95, 97, 103– 104,

107– 108, 111, 117, 133, 144, 146– 149,

152– 153, 156, 161; British control, 17;

after independence (1971), 19; pre- 1930s,

17. See also Abu Dhabi; Ajman; Dubai;
    Fujairah; Ras al- Khaimah; Sharjah; Umm
    al- Quwain
    United Kingdom, involvement in the
    Persian Gulf, 9– 10, 15– 17, 19– 24, 26– 27,
    29, 40, 43, 53– 55, 98
    United Nations, 11
    United States, 2– 3, 14– 15, 17, 30, 32– 33,
    36– 38, 41– 42, 46– 48, 49– 50, 52– 53, 66,
    69, 71, 79, 100, 126, 137, 153, 159,
    163– 164, 167, 170; campaign in Libya, 15;
    invasion of Iraq, 15; relationship with
    Saudi Arabia, 2, 14– 15, 38, 46, 79, 164;
    sanctions against Iran, 15, 101, 163
    University of Chicago, 100
    USS Quincy, 14, 38

value- added tax (VAT), 126, 156– 157

Venezuela, 38, 41, 44– 45, 58, 96, 168– 169

Vitalis, Robert, 38